Journal of Energy Management and Technology

Journal of Energy Management and Technology

Digital Tokenization of Demand Response Capacity Right in Blockchain-Based Energy Market

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Power Systems Operation and Planning Research Department, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, Iran
10.22109/jemt.2026.560783.1579
Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources and the digitalization of modern power systems have intensified the need for flexible, transparent, and market-oriented demand response mechanisms. However, existing DR frameworks remain largely centralized and lack robust infrastructures for secure, traceable, and tradeable flexibility exchange among distributed energy participants.

In this paper, a blockchain-based peer-to-peer platform is proposed to enable the digital tokenization of DR capacity rights. Within the proposed framework, DR capacity is represented as a fungible token, allowing flexibility assets to be fractionalized, transferred, and exchanged within decentralized energy markets.

To operationalize this concept, a four-stage token lifecycle model—comprising creation, bidding, transfer, and redemption— is developed and encoded through smart contract logic, facilitating automated transaction management and lifecycle traceability.

The proposed Digital Tokenized Demand Response Exchange establishes a decentralized architectural layer designed to enhance transparency, auditability, and procedural automation in flexibility trading environments. By transforming DR capacity into a standardized digital asset, the framework supports broader prosumers participation and contributes a conceptual foundation for the evolution of decentralized flexibility markets within future digital energy ecosystems.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 May 2026

  • Receive Date 19 November 2025
  • Revise Date 07 February 2026
  • Accept Date 02 May 2026