Optimizing Wind-Solar Power Plants: Novel Structures for Identifying Potential Sites and Capacity Ratios in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

10.22109/jemt.2023.382249.1425

Abstract

This paper proposes two novel structures to identify potential sites for wind-solar power plant construction, along with the optimal capacity ratio of wind-to-solar power plants in each region. The first structure comprises three modules, namely, identifying the best wind turbine and its output power, predicting global tilted irradiation at the optimal angle, and obtaining the capacity ratio of wind-to-solar power plants. The second structure is used to identify regions with the highest energy harvesting potential per square meter by evaluating the algebraic sum of two Capacity Factors (CFs) and determining the capacity ratio based on the maximum installed capacity of each power plant in that area. The results of applying these structures to 4900 points in Iran show that the solar power plant CF is higher than 20% in more than 95% of the selected points, while the CF for wind power plants was only above this threshold in 12% of the examined points. The selection of the optimal wind turbine significantly affects the CF and output power, and hybridization of the two power plants has little effect on improving the CF. Less than 10% of the areas were deemed suitable for constructing hybrid power plants. This study provides valuable insights into identifying potential areas for wind-solar power plant construction and determining the optimal capacity ratio of wind-to-solar power plants. The proposed structures can assist policymakers and industry experts in making decisions about where to build wind-solar power plants, helping to increase the efficiency of renewable energy generation.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. I. Citaristi, “International energy agency—iea,” in The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, pp. 701–702, Routledge, 2022.
2. H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, H. Adams, C. Adler, P. Aldunce, E. Ali, R. A. Begum, R. Betts, R. B. Kerr, R. Biesbroek, et al., Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC Geneva, Switzerland:, 2022.
3. A. Ucar and F. Balo, “Assessment of wind power potential for turbine installation in coastal areas of turkey,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1901–1912, 2010.
4. A. Kudelin and V. Kutcherov, “Wind energy in russia: The current state and development trends,” Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 34, p. 100627, 2021.
5. M. Salehi, H. Khajehpour, and Y. Saboohi, “Extended energy return on investment of multiproduct energy systems,” Energy, vol. 192, p. 116700, 2020.
6. A. Razmjoo, L. G. Kaigutha, M. V. Rad, M. Marzband, A. Davarpanah, and M. Denai, “A technical analysis investigating energy sustainability utilizing reliable renewable energy sources to reduce co2 emissions in a high potential area,” Renewable Energy, vol. 164, pp. 46–57, 2021.
7. P. Veers, K. Dykes, E. Lantz, S. Barth, C. L. Bottasso, O. Carlson, A. Clifton, J. Green, P. Green, H. Holttinen, et al., “Grand challenges in the science of wind energy,” Science, vol. 366, no. 6464, p. eaau2027, 2019.
8. A. Dhar, M. A. Naeth, P. D. Jennings, and M. G. El-Din, “Perspectives on environmental impacts and a land reclamation strategy for solar and wind energy systems,” Science of the total environment, vol. 718, p. 134602, 2020.
9. R. Gnatowska and E. Moryn-Kucharczyk, “Current status of wind energy policy in poland,” Renewable Energy, vol. 135, pp. 232–237, 2019.
10. Z. Liu, D. Wu, Y. Liu, Z. Han, L. Lun, J. Gao, G. Jin, and G. Cao, “Accuracy analyses and model comparison of machine learning adopted in building energy consumption prediction,” Energy Exploration & Exploitation, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1426–1451, 2019.
11. O. Ellabban, H. Abu-Rub, and F. Blaabjerg, “Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology,” Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 39, pp. 748–764, 2014.
12. H. Karunathilake, P. Perera, R. Ruparathna, K. Hewage, and R. Sadiq, “Renewable energy integration into community energy systems: A case study of new urban residential development,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 173, pp. 292–307, 2018.
13. R. A. Salim and S. Rafiq, “Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?,” Energy economics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1051–1057, 2012.
14. F. Faturay, V. S. G. Vunnava, M. Lenzen, and S. Singh, “Using a new usa multi-region input output (mrio) model for assessing economic and energy impacts of wind energy expansion in usa,” Applied Energy, vol. 261, p. 114141, 2020.
15. Y. Zhang, J. Ren, Y. Pu, and P. Wang, “Solar energy potential assessment: A framework to integrate geographic, technological, and economic indices for a potential analysis,” Renewable Energy, vol. 149, pp. 577–586, 2020.
16. P. Enevoldsen and G. Xydis, “Examining the trends of 35 years growth of key wind turbine components,” Energy for sustainable development, vol. 50, pp. 18–26, 2019.
17. A. Teimourian, A. Bahrami, H. Teimourian, M. Vala, and A. Oraj Huseyniklioglu, “Assessment of wind energy potential in the southeastern province of iran,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 329–343, 2020.
18. D. Gielen, R. Gorini, R. Leme, G. Prakash, N. Wagner, L. Janeiro, S. Collins, M. Kadir, E. Asmelash, R. Ferroukhi, et al., “World energy transitions outlook: 1.5° c pathway,” 2021.
19. M. C. Mabel and E. Fernandez, “Growth and future trends of wind energy in india,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1745–1757, 2008.
20. E. I. C. Zebra, H. J. van der Windt, G. Nhumaio, and A. P. Faaij, “A review of hybrid renewable energy systems in mini-grids for off-grid electrification in developing countries,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 144, p. 111036, 2021.
21. T. O. Olowu, A. Sundararajan, M. Moghaddami, and A. I. Sarwat, “Future challenges and mitigation methods for high photovoltaic penetration: A survey,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1782, 2018.
22. R. J. Barthelmie and S. C. Pryor, “Climate change mitigation potential of wind energy,” Climate, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 136, 2021.
23. F. Asdrubali, G. Baldinelli, F. D’Alessandro, and F. Scrucca, “Life cycle assessment of electricity production from renewable energies: Review and results harmonization,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 42, pp. 1113–1122, 2015.
24. C. Magazzino, M. Mele, and N. Schneider, “A machine learning approach on the relationship among solar and wind energy production, coal consumption, gdp, and co2 emissions,” Renewable Energy, vol. 167, pp. 99–115, 2021.
25. A. Arvesen and E. G. Hertwich, “Environmental implications of large-scale adoption of wind power: a scenario-based life cycle assessment,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 045102, 2011.
26. A. Shahsavari, F. Yazdi, and H. Yazdi, “Potential of solar energy in iran for carbon dioxide mitigation,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 16, pp. 507–524, 2019.
27. P. Alamdari, O. Nematollahi, and A. A. Alemrajabi, “Solar energy potentials in iran: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 21, pp. 778–788, 2013.
28. P. Azadi, A. N. Sarmadi, A. Mahmoudzadeh, and T. Shirvani, “The outlook for natural gas, electricity, and renewable energy in iran,” Stanford Iran, vol. 2040, pp. 1–27, 2017.
29. S. R. Mirnezami and A. Mohseni Cheraghlou, “Wind power in iran: Technical, policy, and financial aspects for better energy resource management,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 3230, 2022.
30. Y. Noorollahi, A. Khatibi, and S. Eslami, “Replacing natural gas with solar and wind energy to supply the thermal demand of buildings in iran: A simulation approach,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 44, p. 101047, 2021.
31. A. Haddad, M. Ramadan, M. Khaled, H. S. Ramadan, and M. Becherif, “Triple hybrid system coupling fuel cell with wind turbine and thermal solar system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 20, pp. 11484–11491, 2020.
32. K. Huang, P. Liu, B. Ming, J.-S. Kim, and Y. Gong, “Economic operation of a wind-solar-hydro complementary system considering risks of output shortage, power curtailment and spilled water,” Applied Energy, vol. 290, p. 116805, 2021.
33. M. H. Jahangir, A. Shahsavari, and M. A. V. Rad, “Feasibility study of a zero emission pv/wind turbine/wave energy converter hybrid system for stand-alone power supply: a case study,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 262, p. 121250, 2020.
34. J. Li, P. Liu, and Z. Li, “Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind-biomass off-grid hybrid power system for remote rural electrification: A case study of west china,” Energy, vol. 208, p. 118387, 2020.
35. W. Sun and G. P. Harrison, “Wind-solar complementarity and effective use of distribution network capacity,” Applied Energy, vol. 247, pp. 89–101, 2019.
36. Z. Zhang, H. Qin, J. Li, Y. Liu, L. Yao, Y. Wang, C. Wang, S. Pei, P. Li, and J. Zhou, “Operation rule extraction based on deep learning model with attention mechanism for wind-solar-hydro hybrid system under multiple uncertainties,” Renewable Energy, vol. 170, pp. 92–106, 2021.
37. L. Yan and S. Jianwei, “Monitoring and fault diagnosis system of wind–solar hybrid power station based on zigbee and bp neural network,” Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 16, no. sup1, pp. 54–60, 2018.
38. P. C. Sahu, R. C. Prusty, and S. Panda, “Active power management in wind/solar farm integrated hybrid power system with ai based 3dof-fopid approach,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1–21, 2021.
39. H. Mehrjerdi, M. Bornapour, R. Hemmati, and S. M. S. Ghiasi, “Unified energy management and load control in building equipped with wind-solar-battery incorporating electric and hydrogen vehicles under both connected to the grid and islanding modes,” Energy, vol. 168, pp. 919–930, 2019.
40. M. H. Jahangir and R. Cheraghi, “Economic and environmental assessment of solar-wind-biomass hybrid renewable energy system supplying rural settlement load,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 42, p. 100895, 2020.
41. Z. Wang, X. Wen, Q. Tan, G. Fang, X. Lei, H. Wang, and J. Yan, “Potential assessment of large-scale hydro-photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems on a global scale,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 146, p. 111154, 2021.
42. S. Jamshidi, K. Pourhossein, and M. Asadi, “Size estimation of wind/solar hybrid renewable energy systems without detailed wind and irradiation data: A feasibility study,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 234, p. 113905, 2021.
43. J. Xie, Y. Zheng, X. Pan, Y. Zheng, L. Zhang, and Y. Zhan, “A short-term optimal scheduling model for wind-solar-hydro hybrid generation system with cascade hydropower considering regulation reserve and spinning reserve requirements,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 10765–10777, 2021.
44. A. Dhunny, J. Doorga, Z. Allam, M. Lollchund, and R. Boojhawon, “Identification of optimal wind, solar and hybrid wind-solar farming sites using fuzzy logic modelling,” Energy, vol. 188, p. 116056, 2019.
45. Z. Ullah, M. Elkadeem, K. M. Kotb, I. B. Taha, and S. Wang, “Multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal planning of on/off grid hybrid solar, wind, hydro, biomass clean electricity supply,” Renewable Energy, vol. 179, pp. 885–910, 2021.
46. S. R. Ara, S. Paul, and Z. H. Rather, “Two-level planning approach to analyze techno-economic feasibility of hybrid offshore wind-solar pv power plants,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 47, p. 101509, 2021.
47. N. Ganjei, F. Zishan, R. Alayi, H. Samadi, M. Jahangiri, R. Kumar, and A. Mohammadian, “Designing and sensitivity analysis of an off-grid hybrid wind-solar power plant with diesel generator and battery backup for the rural area in iran,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 2022, 2022.
48. M. Jahangiri, O. Nematollahi, A. Haghani, H. A. Raiesi, and A. Al-idadi Shamsabadi, “An optimization of energy cost of clean hybrid solar-wind power plants in iran,” International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 1422–1435, 2019.
49. O. Ekren, C. H. Canbaz, and Ç. B. Güvel, “Sizing of a solar-wind hybrid electric vehicle charging station by using homer software,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 279, p. 123615, 2021.
50. W. Peng, A. Maleki, M. A. Rosen, and P. Azarikhah, “Optimization of a hybrid system for solar-wind-based water desalination by reverse osmosis: Comparison of approaches,” Desalination, vol. 442, pp. 16–31, 2018.
51. S. Hoseinzadeh, M. H. Ghasemi, and S. Heyns, “Application of hybrid systems in solution of low power generation at hot seasons for micro hydro systems,” Renewable Energy, vol. 160, pp. 323–332, 2020.
52. A. Al-Shereiqi, A. Al-Hinai, M. Albadi, and R. Al-Abri, “Optimal sizing of hybrid wind-solar power systems to suppress output fluctuation,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 17, p. 5377, 2021.
53. M. Rezaei, K. R. Khalilpour, and M. Jahangiri, “Multi-criteria location identification for wind/solar based hydrogen generation: The case of capital cities of a developing country,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 58, pp. 33151–33168, 2020.
54. M. López, N. Rodríguez, and G. Iglesias, “Combined floating offshore wind and solar pv,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 8, p. 576, 2020.
55. M. Thakre, S. Aher, P. Chavan, R. Deshmukh, V. Pawar, and J. Patil, “Architecture, advancement and assessment of a bladeless wind solar hybrid system in comparison to a traditional hybrid solar system,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks & Intelligent Systems-ICICNIS, 2021.
56. E. Rakhshani, H. Mehrjerdi, and A. Iqbal, “Hybrid wind-diesel-battery system planning considering multiple different wind turbine technologies installation,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 247, p. 119654, 2020.
57. H. Mehrjerdi, “Modeling, integration, and optimal selection of the turbine technology in the hybrid wind-photovoltaic renewable energy system design,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 205, p. 112350, 2020.
58. A. Sedaghat, F. Alkhatib, A. Eilaghi, A. Mehdizadeh, L. Borvayeh, A. Mostafaeipour, A. Hassanzadeh, and M. Jahangiri, “Optimization of capacity factors based on rated wind speeds of wind turbines,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1–22, 2020.
59. A. Fathi, M. Bararzadeh Ledari, and Y. Saboohi, “Evaluation of optimal occasional tilt on photovoltaic power plant energy efficiency and land use requirements, iran,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 10213, 2021.