Tri-level optimization-based resilient island city distribution network planning against terrorist attacks

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Imam hossein university, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Power distribution networks are known as a key infrastructure of smart cities. The safe operation of such networks is generally threatened by terrorist agents to disrupt the activities of smart cities. Therefore, distribution network planners attempt to find a solution for increasing the resilience of a distribution system against terrorist attacks. The hardening of distribution lines and allocation of electrical energy storage units are generally performed for reaching planner goals. However, investment for obtaining a resilient distribution network against terrorist attacks is limited by a hardening budget. This budget can be increased by considering other distribution network plans (such as increasing the expansion of renewable energies) and using the geographical features of the studied distribution networks. This paper proposes a tri-level optimization problem for allocating and sizing the offshore pumped storage units for increasing an Island city distribution network resiliency against terrorist activities and minimizing the network operation cost by solving the stochastic nature of ocean wave generation powers. The proposed tri-level problem is solved based on the Benders decomposition method using primal cuts. The simulating results obtained by using the IEEE distribution test system validate the effectiveness of the proposed tri-level model and highlight that offshore pumped storage units can enhance the resiliency of a distribution system located on an island against terrorist attacks and reduce the total operation cost during normal conditions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Robert, Fabien Chidanand, Gyanendra Singh Sisodia, and Sundararaman Gopalan. "A critical review on the utilization of storage and demand response for the implementation of renewable energy microgrids." Sustainable cities and society vol. 40, PP: 735-745, 2018.
2. Kusakana, Kanzumba. "Optimal operation scheduling of grid-connected PV with ground pumped hydro storage system for cost reduction in small farming activities." Journal of Energy Storage vol.16, PP. 133-138, 2018.
3. Madadi, S., B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and S. Tohidi. "Decentralized optimal multi-area generation scheduling considering renewable resources mix and dynamic tie line rating." Journal of cleaner production vol. 223, PP. 883-896, 2019.
4. Arroyo, J. M. (2010). Bilevel programming applied to power system vulnerability analysis under multiple contingencies. IET generation, transmission & distribution, vol.4, no.2, pp.178-190, 2010.
5. Bier, V. M., Gratz, E. R., Haphuriwat, N. J., Magua, W., & Wierzbicki, K. R. “Methodology for identifying near-optimal interdiction strategies for a power transmission system”. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol.92, no.9, pp.1155-1161, 2007.
6. Alguacil, N., Delgadillo, A., & Arroyo, J. M. “A trilevel programming approach for electric grid defense planning.” Computers & Operations Research, vol.41, pp.282-290, 2014.
7. J. Fang, C. Su, Z. Chen, H. Sun and P. Lund, "Power System Structural Vulnerability Assessment Based on an Improved Maximum Flow Approach," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 777-785, March 2018.
8. Sarhadi, Hassan, David M. Tulett, and Manish Verma. "An analytical approach to the protection planning of a rail intermodal terminal network." European Journal of Operational Research 257.2 (2017): 511-525.
9. A. Delgadillo, J. M. Arroyo and N. Alguacil, "Analysis of Electric Grid Interdiction With Line Switching," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 633-641, May 2010.
10. Jalali, Sajjad, Mehdi Seifbarghy, and Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki. "A risk-averse location-protection problem under intentional facility disruptions: A modified hybrid decomposition algorithm." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, vol.114, pp. 196-219, 2018.
11. X. Wu and A. J. Conejo, "An Efficient Tri-Level Optimization Model for Electric Grid Defense Planning," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2984-2994, July 2017.
12. C. Wang et al., "Robust Defense Strategy for Gas–Electric Systems Against Malicious Attacks," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2953-2965, July 2017.
13. Ding, Tao, Li Yao, and Fangxing Li. "A multi-uncertainty-set based two-stage robust optimization to defender–attacker–defender model for power system protection." Reliability Engineering & System Safety vol.169, pp. 179-186, 2018.
14. Jiang, P., Huang, S., & Zhang, T. “Optimal Deception Strategies in Power System Fortification against Deliberate Attacks”. Energies, vol.12, no.3, pp.342, 2019.
15. B. Gao and L. Shi, "Modeling an Attack-Mitigation Dynamic Game Theoretic Scheme for Security Vulnerability Analysis in a Cyber Physical Power System," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 30322-30331, 2020.
16. G. Chen, Z. Y. Dong, D. J. Hill and Y. S. Xue, "Exploring Reliable Strategies for Defending Power Systems Against Targeted Attacks," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1000-1009, Aug. 2011.
17. Jiang, J., and X. Liu. "Bayesian Stackelberg game model for water supply networks against interdictions with mixed strategies." International Journal of Production Research, pp.1-21, 2020.
18. W. Yuan, J. Wang, F. Qiu, C. Chen, C. Kang and B. Zeng, "Robust Optimization-Based Resilient Distribution Network Planning Against Natural Disasters," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2817-2826, Nov. 2016.
19. Tavakoli, M., Shokridehaki, F., Akorede, M. F., Marzband, M., Vechiu, I., & Pouresmaeil, E... “CVaR-based energy management scheme for optimal resilience and operational cost in commercial building microgrids”. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.100, pp.1-9, 2018.
20. K. Lai, Y. Wang, D. Shi, M. S. Illindala, Y. Jin and Z. Wang, "Sizing battery storage for islanded microgrid systems to enhance robustness against attacks on energy sources," in Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1177-1.
21. H. Nemati, M. A. Latify and G. R. Yousefi, "Optimal Coordinated Expansion Planning of Transmission and Electrical Energy Storage Systems Under Physical Intentional Attacks," in IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 793-802, March 2020.
22. M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, “Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1401–1407, Apr. 1989.
23. C. Chen, J. Wang, F. Qiu and D. Zhao, "Resilient Distribution System by Microgrids Formation After Natural Disasters," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 958-966, March 2016.
24. Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, J. Kim, and M. M. Begovic, “Robust optimization based optimal DG placement in microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 2173–2182, Sep. 2014.
25. S. Tan, J.-X. Xu, and S. K. Panda, “Optimization of distribution network incorporating distributed generators: An integrated approach,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 2421–2432, Aug. 2013.
Journal of Energy Management and Technology
Volume 6, Issue 2
June 2022
Pages 111-118

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 09 August 2021
  • Accept Date: 12 October 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics