Simultaneous dynamic optimal control of active and reactive power of microgrids in real-time market considering losses

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, 971175-615, Iran

2 faculty of electrical and computer engineering, university of birjand

Abstract

Hierarchical control, which includes centralized and decentralized control systems, is a convenient method to control microgrids. The optimal operation of a microgrid from an economic point of view is the duty of the third level of hierarchical control. In the market model with a uniform payment method, the optimal economic dispatch of active power is based on the equality of marginal utility of the microgrid controllable resources. A dynamic population dispatch is applied to a real-time market to implement this equality. The share of each source from the demand is proportional to the value of its fitness. The fitness of each source depends on its rated power, the cost factor and penalty factor. To calculate the penalty factor, the Jacobian and numerical methods are compared. By calculating the marginal utility using a dynamic power dispatch approach and knowledge of market price by the main power grid (MPG), the path of energy exchange between the microgrid and the MPG is specified. The microgrid participation in the ancillary services market and the profit of microgrid in active or reactive power sales are also investigated. A 14-bus radial network with resistive lines and five different controllable sources are chosen in this paper. A real-time approach is presented for optimal economic control of microgrids with the objective of maximizing their profit in the real-time market.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. D. Olivares, A. Mehrizi-Sani, A. H. Etemadi, and . . . , “Trends in microgrid control,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, 2014.
2. IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEEE Std. 1547, 2003.
3. R. Firestone and C. Marnay, “Energy Manager Design for Microgrids,” Tech. Rep. Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 15-22, 2005.
4. A. Bidram and A. Davoudi, “Hierarchical structure of microgrids control system,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1963–1976, 2012.
5. A. Mehrizi-Sani and R. Iravani, “Potential-function based control of a microgrid in islanded and grid-connected models,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1883–1891, 2010.
6. B. Jie, T. Tsuji, K. Uchida, “An analysis of market mechanism and bidding strategy for power balancing market mixed by conventional and renewable energy,” European Energy Market International Conference.,
pp. 1-6, 2017.
7. K. D. Brabandere, K. Vanthournout, J. Driesen, G. Deconinck, and R. Belmans, “Control of microgrids,” in Proc. IEEE Power Engineer. Soc. General Meet., no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2007.
8. A. Pantoja and N. Quijano, “A population dynamics approach for the dispatch of distributed generators,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4559–4567, 2011.
9. J. A. Navarro, A. A. Bayod, J. M. Yusta-Loyo, J. L. Bernal-Agustín, R. Dufo-López, S. Artal-Sevil and A. Coronado-Mendoza, “Local electrical market based on a Multi-agent system,” IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, pp. 239-244, 2017.
10. P. Tian, X. Xiao, K. Wang and R. Ding, “A hierarchical energy management system based on hierarchical optimization for microgrid community economic operation,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2230-2241, 2016.
11. E. Amicarelli, Q. T. Tran and S. Bacha, “Multi-agent system for dayahead energy management of microgrid,” IEEE 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1-10, 2016.
12. M. Hemmati, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, S. Ghasemzadeh and E. Reihani, “Risk-based optimal scheduling of reconfigurable smart renewable energy based microgrids,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 101, pp. 415-428, 2018.
13. M. Hemmati, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, M. Abapour and A. AnvariMoghaddam , “Optimal Chance-Constrained Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids Considering Islanding Operation Constraints,” IEEE Systems Journal, pp. 1-10, 2020.
14. M. R. Sandgani and S. Sirouspour, “Energy management in a network of grid-connected microgrids/nanogrids using compromise programming,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, pp. 1-12, 2016.
15. W. Shi, X. Xie, C. C. Chu and R. Gadh, “Real-time energy management in microgrids,” IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 228–238, 2017.
16. I. Samahy, K. Bhattacharya, C. Canizares, M. F. Anjos, and J. Pan, “A Procurement Market Model for Reactive Power Services Considering System Security,” IEEE Trans. on power systems, vol. 23, no.1, pp.
137-149, 2008.
17. C.A. Canizares, K. Bhattacharya, I. El-Samahy, H. Haghighat, J. Pan and C. Tang, “Re-defining the Reactive Power Dispatch Problem in the context of Competitive Electricity Markets,” IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 162–177, 2010.
18. O. Homaee and Sh. Jadid, “Investigation of synchronous generator in reactive power market – an accurate view,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1881-1890, 2014.
19. W. T. Huang, and K. C. Yao, “New network sensitivity-based approach for real-time complex power flow calculation,” IET generation, transmission & distribution, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-120, 2012.
20. W. El-Baz, P. Tzscheutschler, and U. Wagner, “Integration of energy markets in microgrids: A double-sided auction with device-oriented bidding strategies,” Applied Energy, vol. 241, no. 1, pp. 625-639, 2019.
21. A. K. Basu, A. Bhattacharya and . . . , “Planned scheduling for economic power sharing in a CHP-based micro-grid,” IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 30-38, 2012.
22. A. K. Basu, A. Bhattacharya and . . . , “Impact of strategic deployment of CHP-based DERs on microgrid reliability,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1697-1705, 2010.
23. V. Mahesh, J.R. Deepeeha, N. Kamaraj, “Reactive Power Dispatch and its Pricing in Re-Structured Electricity Markets,” International Conference on Power, Energy and Control, pp. 377-381, 2013.
24. G. W. Chang, S. Y. Chu, and H. L. Wang, “An improved backward/forward sweep load flow algorithm for radial distribution systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 882-884, 2007.
25. A. D. Rana, J. B. Darji, and M. Pandya, “Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow Algorithm for Radial Distribution System” International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 398-400, 2014.
26. K. Dharageshwari and C. Nayanatara, “Multiobjective optimal placement of multiple distributed generations in IEEE 33 bus radial system using simulated annealing,” 2015 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies, pp. 1-7, IEEE 2015.
Journal of Energy Management and Technology
Volume 5, Issue 1
March 2021
Pages 23-34

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 July 2019
  • Revise Date: 13 April 2020
  • Accept Date: 18 April 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics