ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Presenting a new structure for interlinking converter in hybrid AC-DC microgrids to improve voltage quality
In this paper, a new structure is presented for an interlinking converter (IC) to improve voltage in hybrid AC-DC microgrids. This structure consists of a series IC (SIC) and a parallel IC (PIC) parts. The PIC is responsible for ex-changing the power between sub-grids and decreasing voltage unbalance indices. Based on the free capacity of PIC, voltage unbalance compensation reference is calculated on the AC sub-grid side. In the series part of IC, any kind of voltage disturbance is compensated for the sensitive load. In order to increase the speed of dynamic response and to decrease the loss in SIC, the resistor of output filter is removed and then, fluctuations are damped in an active way in the control system. This is carried out by feeding back the current of the capacitor of the output filter and applying it to the control system and using the current mode control in the inner loop which improves the stability. Proportional-resonant and proportional-differential controllers are used in the control part of SIC. Therefore, proper tracking of the reference signal is guaranteed. Results obtained from the simulation of the case study system in MATLAB software verify the capabilities of the proposed approach.
https://www.jemat.org/article_102385_71363ba75a9610d69978233cde47b40b.pdf
2020-12-01
1
11
10.22109/jemt.2020.201442.1197
Hybrid AC-DC microgrid
interlinking converter
unbalance compensation
voltage sag
active damping
Seyed Hossein
Tabatabaei
h_tabatabaei@birjand.ac.ir
1
Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Najafi
h.r.najafi@birjand.ac.ir
2
Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hussain
Eliasi
h_eliasi@birjand.ac.ir
3
Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Jalilian
jalilian@iust.ac.ir
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] F. Nejabatkhah, Y. W. Li, and H. Tian, “Power Quality Control of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids: An Overview,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 52295-52318, 2019.
1
[2] A. Gupta, S. Doolla, and K. Chatterjee, “Hybrid AC–DC microgrid: systematic evaluation of control strategies,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 3830-3843, 2018.
2
[3] C. Wang, X. Li, L. Guo, and Y. W. Li, “A nonlinear-disturbance-observer-based dc-bus voltage control for a hybrid ac/dc microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 6162-6177, 2014.
3
[4] X. Liu, P. Wang, and P. C. Loh, "A hybrid AC/DC micro-grid," in IPEC, 2010 Conference Proceedings, 2010, pp. 746-751.
4
[5] P. C. Loh, D. Li, Y. K. Chai, and F. Blaabjerg, “Autonomous operation of hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids,” IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2214-2223, 2012.
5
[6] C. Jin, P. C. Loh, P. Wang, Y. Mi, and F. Blaabjerg, "Autonomous operation of hybrid AC-DC microgrids," in 2010 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), 2010, pp. 1-7.
6
[7] P. C. Loh, D. Li, Y. K. Chai, and F. Blaabjerg, “Autonomous control of interlinking converter with energy storage in hybrid AC–DC microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1374-1382, 2013.
7
[8] M. Shahparasti, M. Mohamadian, P. T. Baboli, and A. Yazdianp, “Toward power quality management in hybrid ac–dc microgrid using ltc-l utility interactive inverter: Load voltage–grid current tradeoff,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 857-867, 2015.
8
[9] B. Nanda and R. Jena, “Power Quality Analysis by using Active Filter in AC/DC Microgrid,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (IJSRST), vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 47-56, 2018.
9
[10] M. I. Marei, E. F. El-Saadany, and M. M. Salama, “A novel control algorithm for the DG interface to mitigate power quality problems,” IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1384-1392, 2004.
10
[11] M. Savaghebi, A. Jalilian, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, and R. Teodorescu, "Distributed generator with voltage unbalance compensation capability," in Proc. 25th Int. Pow. Sys. Conf.(PSC 2010), 2010, pp. 1-10.
11
[12] D. De and V. Ramanarayanan, “Decentralized parallel operation of inverters sharing unbalanced and nonlinear loads,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3015-3025, 2010.
12
[13] T.-L. Lee and P.-T. Cheng, “Design of a new cooperative harmonic filtering strategy for distributed generation interface converters in an islanding network,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1919-1927, 2007.
13
[14] P. Sreekumar and V. Khadkikar, “A new virtual harmonic impedance scheme for harmonic power sharing in an islanded microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 936-945, 2015.
14
[15] M. Savaghebi, A. Jalilian, J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, “Secondary control scheme for voltage unbalance compensation in an islanded droop-controlled microgrid,” IEEE transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 797-807, 2012.
15
[16] D.-M. Phan and H.-H. Lee, “Interlinking Converter to Improve Power Quality in Hybrid AC-DC Microgrids with Nonlinear Loads,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019.
16
[17] P. G. Khorasani, M. Joorabian, and S. G. Seifosadat, “A new proposal for the design of hybrid AC/DC microgrids toward high power quality,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 4033-4049, 2017.
17
[18] S. D. Dehnavi and E. Shayani, “Compensation of Voltage disturbances in hybrid AC/DC Microgrids using series converter,” Ciência e Natura, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 349-356, 2015.
18
[19] H. Tian, X. Wen, and Y. W. Li, “A harmonic compensation approach for interlinking voltage source converters in hybrid AC-DC microgrids with low switching frequency,” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39-48, 2018.
19
[20] H. Tian, Y. W. Li, and P. Wang, “Hybrid AC/DC system harmonics control through grid interfacing converters with low switching frequency,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 2256-2267, 2018.
20
[21] V. Hema and R. Dhanalakshmi, "Operation of hybrid AC-DC microgrid with an interlinking converter," in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communications, Control and Computing Technologies, 2014, pp. 38-42.
21
[22] J. Zhang, D. Guo, F. Wang, Y. Zuo, and H. Zhang, "Control strategy of interlinking converter in hybrid AC/DC microgrid," in Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2013 International Conference on, 2013, pp. 97-102.
22
[23] S. C. Vegunta and J. V. Milanovic, “Estimation of cost of downtime of industrial process due to voltage sags,” IEEE Transactions on power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 576-587, 2011.
23
[24] F. M. Mahdianpoor, R. A. Hooshmand, and M. Ataei, “A new approach to multifunctional dynamic voltage restorer implementation for emergency control in distribution systems,” IEEE transactions on power delivery, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 882-890, 2011.
24
[25] Y. W. Li, P. C. Loh, F. Blaabjerg, and D. M. Vilathgamuwa, “Investigation and improvement of transient response of DVR at medium voltage level,” IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1309-1319, 2007.
25
[26] J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and L. G. de Vicuña, “Control strategy for flexible microgrid based on parallel line-interactive UPS systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 726-736, 2009.
26
[27] P. Wang, C. Jin, D. Zhu, Y. Tang, P. C. Loh, and F. H. Choo, “Distributed control for autonomous operation of a three-port AC/DC/DS hybrid microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1279-1290, 2015.
27
[28] X. Lu, J. M. Guerrero, K. Sun, and J. C. Vasquez, “An improved droop control method for dc microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with dc bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1800-1812, 2014.
28
[29] P. C. Loh, D. Li, Y. K. Chai, and F. Blaabjerg, “Autonomous operation of ac-dc microgrids with minimised interlinking energy flow,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1650-1657, 2013.
29
[30] P. C. Loh and F. Blaabjerg, "Autonomous control of distributed storages in microgrids," in Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE & ECCE), 2011 IEEE 8th International Conference on, 2011, pp. 536-542.
30
[31] “IEEE standard definitions for the measurement of electric power quantities under sinusoidal, nonsinusoidal, balanced, or unbalanced conditions,” IEEE Std. 1459-2010, 2010.
31
[32] M. T. Bina, M. Eskandari, and M. Panahlou, “Design and installation of a±250 kVAr D-STATCOM for a distribution substation,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 383-391, 2005.
32
[33] D. Yazdani, A. Bakhshai, and P. K. Jain, “A three-phase adaptive notch filter-based approach to harmonic/reactive current extraction and harmonic decomposition,” IEEE Transactions on Power electronics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 914-923, 2009.
33
[34] P. A. F. Galarza, "Stationary frame control of three-leg and four-leg voltage source inverters in power system applications: Modelling and simulations," Master’s thesis, The University of Nottingham, 2016.
34
[35] D. G. Holmes, T. A. Lipo, B. P. Mcgrath, and W. Y. Kong, “Optimized design of stationary frame three phase AC current regulators,” IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2417-2426, 2009.
35
[36] K. Ogata, Modern control engineering, fifth ed.: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009.
36
[37] M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, and A. Dell’Aquila, “Step-by-step design procedure for a grid-connected three-phase PWM voltage source converter,” International journal of electronics, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 445-460, 2004.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New switched-capacitor multilevel converter with reduced elements
This paper presents a new switched-capacitor multilevel converter (SCMC) which is able to produce any levels at output voltage waveform. This topology can increase the value of input dc voltage sources using the switched-capacitor units. In the proposed SCMC topology, as the numbers of switched-capacitor units increase, the voltage gain and the number of generated levels will be increased. In this paper, the main merit of proposed SCMC topology is inherent voltage balancing of capacitors which do not require complicated switching strategy. The proposed SCMC structure is compared with traditional multilevel converters. The comparison results verify that the presented SCMC structure needs lower dc voltages sources, switches, and capacitors. The mathematical analysis of standing voltage on switches and different kinds of power losses in the presented SCMC structure are provided. In order to verify the performance of presented SCMC topology, the experimental results for a typical 13-level converter is provided.
https://www.jemat.org/article_103167_890c4838d4dac0693570a62fef8ed1ab.pdf
2020-12-01
12
20
10.22109/jemt.2020.199538.1193
Multilevel converter
Switched-Capacitor
Standing Voltage
Power Losses
Voltage balancing
Amir
Gallaj
amir.gallaj1991@iaurmia.ac.ir
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Beiraghi
beiraghi@iaurmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jaber
Fallah Ardashir
j.fallah@iaut.ac.ir
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Ghanizadeh
r.ghanizadeh@iaurmia.ac.ir
4
Department of electrical engineering, Urmia branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Hosseini, Seyed Hossein, Rasoul Shalchi Alishah, and Amirreza Zarrin Gharehkoushan. "Enhancement of extracted maximum power from partially shaded multi-string PV panels using a new cascaded high step-up DC-DC-AC converter." 9th Int. Conf. on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), pp. 644-648, IEEE, 2015.
1
[2] Hakimi, Seyed, and Amin Hajizadeh. "Integration of Photovoltaic Power Units to Power Distribution System through Modular Multilevel Converter." Energies, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2753, 2018.
2
[3] Du, Sixing, Bin Wu, and Navid Zargari. "Delta-channel modular multilevel converter for a variable-speed motor drive application." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 6131-6139, 2018.
3
[4] Celikovic, Janko, Ratul Das, Hanh-Phuc Le, and Dragan Maksimovic. "Modeling of Capacitor Voltage Imbalance in Flying Capacitor Multilevel DC-DC Converters." In 20th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), pp. 1-8., 2019.
4
[5] Feng, C., Liang, J. and Agelidis, V.G., 2007. Modified phase-shifted PWM control for flying capacitor multilevel converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp.178-185.
5
[6] Choi, Sanghun, and Maryam Saeedifard. "Capacitor voltage balancing of flying capacitor multilevel converters by space vector PWM." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 27, no. 3, pp. -1161, 2012.
6
[7] Barros, J. Dionísio, and J. Fernando Silva. "Optimal predictive control of three-phase NPC multilevel converter for power quality applications." IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 3670-3681, 2008.
7
[8] Mortezaei, Ali, Marcelo Godoy Simoes, Tiago Davi Curi Busarello, Fernando Pinhabel Marafão, and Ahmed Al-Durra. "Grid-connected symmetrical cascaded multilevel converter for power quality improvement." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 2792-2805.
8
[9] Dutta, Soham, Rahul Mallik, Branko Majmunovic, Satyaki Mukherjee, Gab-Su Seo, Dragan Maksimovic, and Brian Johnson. "Decentralized Carrier Interleaving in Cascaded Multilevel DC-AC Converters." In 2019 20th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), pp. 1-6. 2019.
9
[10] Ebrahimi, Javad, Ebrahim Babaei, and Gevorg B. Gharehpetian. "A new multilevel converter topology with reduced number of power electronic components." IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 655-667.
10
[11] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Ebrahim Babaei, and Mehran Sabahi. "A new general multilevel converter topology based on cascaded connection of sub-multilevel units with reduced switching components, DC sources, and blocked voltage by switches." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 7157-7164, 2016.
11
[12] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Ebrahim Babaei, and Mehran Sabahi. "Optimal design of new cascaded switch-ladder multilevel inverter structure." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 2072-2080. 2016.
12
[13] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, Ebrahim Babaei, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, and Mehran Sabahi. "A Developed Two-Leg Ladder Multilevel Converter Structure." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, pp. 27, no. 12, pp. 1-17, 2018.
13
[14] Babaei, Ebrahim, and Seyed Hossein Hosseini. "New cascaded multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches." Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 2761-2767, 2009.
14
[15] Hinago, Y. and Koizumi, H., “A single-phase multilevel inverter using switched series/parallel DC voltage sources”. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 57, no. 8, pp.2643-2650, 2009.
15
[16] Alishah, R. Shalchi, D. Nazarpour, S. H. Hosseini, and M. Sabahi. "Novel Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Topology Based on Cascaded Connection of Basic Units." Asian Power Electronic Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 24-29, 2014.
16
[17] Hinago, Youhei, and Hirotaka Koizumi. "A switched-capacitor inverter using series/parallel conversion with inductive load." IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 878-887, 2011.
17
[18] Ye, Yuanmao, Ka Wai Eric Cheng, Junfeng Liu, and Kai Ding. "A step-up switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with self-voltage balancing." IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 6672-6680, 2014.
18
[19] Fong, Yat Chi, S. Raghu Raman, Yuanmao Ye, and Ka Wai Eric Cheng. "Generalized Topology of a Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for High-Frequency AC Power Distribution." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019.
19
[20] Barzegarkhoo, R., Moradzadeh, M., Zamiri, E., Kojabadi, H.M. and Blaabjerg, F., 2017. A new boost switched-capacitor multilevel converter with reduced circuit devices. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(8), pp.6738-6754.
20
[21] Kumar, Busireddy Hemanth, Makarand Mohankumar Lokhande, Karasani Raghavendra Reddy, and Vijay Bhanuji Borghate. "An Improved Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Nine-Level Asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Three-Phase Inverter." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 2453-2465, 2019.
21
[22] Weidong, Jiang, Peidong Wang, Mingna Ma, Jinping Wang, Jinsong Li, Laibao Li, and Kewei Chen. "A Novel Virtual Space Vector Modulation with Reduced Common-Mode Voltage and Eliminated Neutral Point Voltage Oscillation for Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019.
22
[23] Yao, Wenxi, Haibing Hu, and Zhengyu Lu. "Comparisons of space-vector modulation and carrier-based modulation of multilevel inverter." IEEE transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 45-51, 2008.
23
[24] Rao, S. Nagaraja, DV Ashok Kumar, and Ch Sai Babu. "Implementation of Cascaded based Reversing Voltage Multilevel Inverter using Multi Carrier Modulation Strategies." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 220, 2018.
24
[25] Ronanki, Deepak, and Sheldon S. Williamson. "A Simplified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Implementation in Modular Multilevel Converters for Electric Ship Propulsion Systems." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 335-342, 2018.
25
[26] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, and Seyyed Hossein Hosseini. "A new multilevel inverter structure for high-power applications using multi-carrier PWM switching strategy." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 318-325, 2015).
26
[27] Konstantinou, Georgios, Mihai Ciobotaru, and Vassilios Agelidis. "Selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation of modular multilevel converters." IET Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 1 (pp. 96-107, 2013.
27
[28] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Ebrahim Babaei, Mehran Sabahi, and Amirreza Zarrin Gharehkoushan. "Optimal design of new cascade multilevel converter topology based on series connection of extended sub-multilevel units." IET Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1341-1349, 2016.
28
[29] Alishah, Rasoul Shalchi, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Ebrahim Babaei, and Mehran Sabahi. "A new single‐phase multilevel converter topology with reduced power electronic devices, voltage rating on switches, and power losses." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1372-1391, 2018.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling and Investigation of Gas Turbines Heat Recovery in the Semnan Oil Pumping Station for Heating Gas-Oil to Reduce Energy Consumption of Pumping
This paper proposed the effect of using a heat recovery system in the gas turbines of Semnan to shahroud oil pumping station in energy conservation point of view. Heating the transferred fluids is one of the common approaches to reduce fluids viscosity and energy consumption, respectively. Due to the low efficiency of station turbines compared to modern turbines, it is expected that the use of heat recovery has a positive effect on improving station performance. By analyzing the combustion products of the gas turbine at the station, the heat extracted from the exhaust gas flow has been calculated which is consumed in the recovery boiler. The pipeline application process including recovery boiler and main equipment of Semnan and Shahroud pumping stations have been modeled. By applying the model, it found that the amount of energy savings by gas-oil heating using a heat exchanger equals to 395311 m3 natural gas in annually. Therefore, optimal points of using combustion heat in the gas turbine output were obtained. In addition, the reduction of power consumption in the presented station has been calculated. Economic calculations were carried out for different countries including Iran, Scandinavian countries, China and the Europian Union average, based on their energy prices and bank interest rates.
https://www.jemat.org/article_104877_bc8eccb2e6e855489b8a01cec44cbf19.pdf
2020-12-01
21
27
10.22109/jemt.2020.211562.1214
Oil Pumping Station
Pipeline
Energy Saving
Gas turbine
Heat Recovery
Mohsen
Shahabi
mohsenshahabi2@gmail.com
1
MSc in Energy Systems Engineering, Iran Petroleum Pipeline and Telecommunication Company, North East Region
AUTHOR
Hassan Ali
Ozgoli
a.ozgoli@irost.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Akbarnia
abbasakbarnia@irost.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] I. Santos, P. Oliveria, and C. Mansur, “factors that affect crude oil viscosity and techniques to reduce it: a review,” Brazilian Journal of petroleum and gas, vol. 11, pp. 115-130, 2017.
1
[2] M. Moghadasi, H. Ghadamian, H. Farzaneh, M. Moghadasi, and H.A. Ozgoli, “CO2 Capture Technical Analysis for Gas Turbine Flue Gases with Complementary Cycle Assistance Including Non Linear Mathematical Modeling,” Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 17, pp. 648-657, 2013.
2
[3] F. Sojdei, M. Eslami, and N. Sayfi, “Potentials of energy conservation in the industry sector of Iran,” ECEEE Industrial Summer Study Proceedings, pp. 323-330, 2014.
3
[4] W. Shadi, A. Hasan, T. Mamdouh, and B. Ghannam, “Heavy crude oil viscosity reduction and rheology for pipeline transportation,” Elsevier, fuel, Vol. 89, pp 1095-1100, 2010.
4
[5] R. Dunia, and T. Edgar, “Study of Heavy Crude Oil Flows in Pipelines with Electromagnetic Heaters,” Energy Fuels, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 4426–4437, 2012.
5
[6] C. Chang, Q.D. Nguyen, and H.P. Ronningsen, “Isothermal start-up of the pipeline, transporting waxy crude oil,” Non-Newt Fluid Mech, vol. 87, pp. 27–54, 1999.
6
[7] K. Sovacool, and M. Dworkin, “Global Energy Justice, Problems, Principles and Practices,” Cambridge University Press, pp. 4, 2014.
7
[8] Technical Documents of Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunications Company, “Report of Transfer Data,” 2018.
8
[9] M. Cech, P. Davis, F. Gambardella, A. Haskamp, and P. Herrero González, “Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines,” Concawe Environmental Science for European Refining Report, no. 3/19, pp. 8, 2017.
9
[10] “Report of Iran Hydrocarbon Balance Sheet,” Institute for International Energy Studies, Ministry of Oil of Iran, 2015.
10
[11] M. Moshfeghian, “Considering the effect of crude oil viscosity on pumping Requirements,” PetroSkills, the tip of the month, 2009.
11
[12] P. Boyce Meherwan, Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, pp. 87, 2005.
12
[13] “Pumping Stations and Petroleum and Oil Products Pipelines Criteria for Energy consumption,” National Standard of Iran, ISIRI 13377, 1st. Edition.
13
[14] A. Saniere, I. Hénaut, and J.F. Argillier, “Pipeline Transportation of Heavy Oils, a Strategic, Economic and Technological Challenge,” Oil & Gas Science and Technology, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 455-466, 2004.
14
[15] C. Schaschke, I. Fletcher, and N. Glen, “Density and Viscosity Measurement of Diesel Fuels at Combined High Pressure and Elevated Temperature, Processes,” vol. 1, pp 30-48, 2013.
15
[16] J. Gerez, and R. Archie, “Heavy Oil Transportation by Pipeline,” Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 31, no. 3, 2014.
16
[17] F.K. Yip, “New Operation Strategies in the Heavy Crude Pipeline will increase Profit Margin, Oil and Gas Journal, vol. 101(6), pp. 60-64, 2003.
17
[18] Semnan Province Gas Company technical documentation, the result of natural gas components.
18
[19] E. Saunders, Heat exchangers: selection, design & construction, Longman Scientific & Technical, 1988.
19
[20] C. Beggs, Energy, Management, Supply and Consumption Optimization, Butterworth-Heinemann no. 2 edition, 2009.
20
[21] M. Niknam, A.H. Najafabadi, O.nematolahi, and H.A. Ashtiani, “Determining the Estimated Price Relationships of Heat Exchangers in Iran,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, no. 12, pp. 33-40, 2012.
21
[22] Natural gas price statistics, European Statistics site, https://ec.europa.eu, November 2019.
22
[23] China Diesel prices, Global Petrol Prices site, www.globalpetrolprices.com, 02-Dec-2019.
23
[24] International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, Real interest rate. World Bank site www.data.worldbank.org.
24
[25] UN Environment Program, “Energy Subsidies: Lessons Learned in Assessing their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms,” 2003.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Non-Contact AC Current Measurement Using Vibration Analysis of a MEMS Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam
This paper presents a non-contact system to measure electrical current crossing a wire. To do so, design and simulation of a piezoelectric cantilever beam with a tip mass is presented using mathematical modeling. The sandwich cantilever beam is composed of two piezoelectric layers and a mid-layer made up of steel. For mathematical modeling, the governing differential equation of the beam is extracted and solved by Galerkin method. Then the output voltage is calculated for different values of external forces. The force applied to the tip mass from the magnetic field of wire is used as external excitation force of the beam. According to the response of the output voltage, the current crossing the wire is calculated. Validation of the model is demonstrated compared to other references. In results section, frequency response behavior and influence of the geometric parameters on output voltage are analyzed. Appropriate values of these parameters should be used in design process of this non-contact sensor to have an observable applied force from the current carrying wire.
https://www.jemat.org/article_102586_865a54d8bb5368876af701730e92fe92.pdf
2020-12-01
28
35
10.22109/jemt.2020.194283.1188
Bimorph cantilever beam
Piezoelectric
Electrical current measurement
Forced excitation
Non-contact sensor
Easa
AliAbbasi
easa_aliabbasi@yahoo.com
1
Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Allahverdizadeh
allahverdizadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behnam
Dadashzadeh
b.dadashzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Jahangiri
r_jahangiri@tabrizu.ac.ir
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Salmas, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] F. S. Roberts, Measurement Theory: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
1
[2] A. S. Katkar, E. T. Toppo, and M. Satarkar, "Novel approach for measurement of high current by piezoelectric technology," in 5th International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), India, pp. 1-6, 2012.
2
[3] J. S. Donnal and S. B. Leeb, "Noncontact Power Meter," Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 15, pp. 1161-1169, 2015.
3
[4] E. J. Moniz, "Engaging Electricity Demand," presented at the MIT Study on the Future of the Electric Grid, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011.
4
[5] S. S. Rao and M. Sunar, "Piezoelectricity and its use in disturbance sensing and control of flexible structures: a survey," Applied mechanics reviews, vol. 47, pp. 113-123, 1994.
5
[6] J. Yang, An introduction to the theory of piezoelectricity vol. 9: Springer Science & Business Media, 2004.
6
[7] A. Carazo and R. i. T. Bosch, "Novel piezoelectric transducers for high voltage measurements," Doctoral, d'Enginyeria Elèctrica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2000.
7
[8] E. Leland, P. Wright, and R. White, "Design of a MEMS passive, proximity-based AC electric current sensor for residential and commercial loads," in Procedings of PowerMEMS, Freiburg Germany, pp. 77-80, 2007.
8
[9] E. S. Leland, P. Wright, and R. M. White, "A MEMS AC current sensor for residential and commercial electricity end-use monitoring," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 19, p. 094018, 2009.
9
[10] E. S. Leland, C. T. Sherman, P. Minor, R. M. White, and P. K. Wright, "A new MEMS sensor for AC electric current," in Sensors, Kona, HI, pp. 1177-1182, 2010.
10
[11] K. Isagawa, D. F. Wang, T. Kobayashi, T. Itoh, and R. Maeda, "Development of a MEMS DC electric current sensor applicable to two-wire electrical appliance cord," in International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), pp. 932-935, 2011.
11
[12] Q. Xu, M. Seidel, I. Paprotny, R. M. White, and P. K. Wright, "Integrated centralized electric current monitoring system using wirelessly enabled non-intrusive ac current sensors," in IEEE Sensors, Limerick, Ireland, pp. 1998-2001, 2011.
12
[13] W. He, P. Li, Y. Wen, and C. Lu, "A self-powered high sensitive sensor for AC electric current," in Sensors, pp. 1863-1865, 2011.
13
[14] A. Erturk and D. J. Inman, Piezoelectric energy harvesting: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
14
[15] S. Kim, "Low power energy harvesting with piezoelectric generator," University of Pittsburgh, 2002.
15
[16] D. Shen, J.-H. Park, J. H. Noh, S.-Y. Choe, S.-H. Kim, H. C. Wikle, et al., "Micromachined PZT cantilever based on SOI structure for low frequency vibration energy harvesting," Sensors and actuators A: physical, vol. 154, pp. 103-108, 2009.
16
[17] S. S. Rao, Vibration of continuous systems: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
17
[18] J. W. Yi, W. Y. Shih, and W.-H. Shih, "Effect of length, width, and mode on the mass detection sensitivity of piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers," Journal of applied physics, vol. 91, pp. 1680-1686, 2002.
18
[19] X. Li, W. Y. Shih, I. A. Aksay, and W. H. Shih, "Electromechanical Behavior of PZT‐Brass Unimorphs," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 82, pp. 1733-1740, 1999.
19
[20] A. Erturk and D. J. Inman, "An experimentally validated bimorph cantilever model for piezoelectric energy harvesting from base excitations," Smart materials and structures, vol. 18, p. 025009, 2009.
20
[21] Z. De-Qing, W. Da-Wei, Y. Jie, Z. Quan-Liang, W. Zhi-Ying, and C. Mao-Sheng, "Structural and electrical properties of PZT/PVDF piezoelectric nanocomposites prepared by cold-press and hot-press routes," Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 25, p. 4410, 2008.
21
[22] L. Capineri, L. Masotti, V. Ferrari, D. Marioli, A. Taroni, and M. Mazzoni, "Comparisons between PZT and PVDF thick films technologies in the design of low-cost pyroelectric sensors," Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 75, pp. 4906-4910, 2004.
22
[23] M. J. Ramsay and W. W. Clark, "Piezoelectric energy harvesting for bio-MEMS applications," in SPIE's 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, pp. 429-438, 2001.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The impacts of the novel corona virus on the oil and electricity demand in Iran and China
Despite significant medical advances in the past centuries, infectious diseases such as the flu or malaria are still a severe threat to society. While some do not have specific geographic areas, others can spread and become epidemic or pandemics. While the first and foremost aspect of an epidemic is the loss of human life and will always remain, the outbreak can also have significant consequences for national or regional economies. The evidence reported in various studies suggests that the epidemic is affecting the country's economy through various aspects, including health, transportation, agriculture, and tourism. At the same time, markets and economic trade with other countries may also be affected, while the convergence of modern economies means that an epidemic can also encompass international supply chains. All these facts state that Coronavirus, as the first major pandemic in the last century, is one of the most critical issues to be studied. These facts, as well as the fast urbanization, increased international travel, and changing conditions are causing a global outbreak, not just a local phenomenon, imply that measures are needed for all countries to tackle this threat. In this paper, the impacts of the Coronavirus on the economic status and Energy demand (mainly oil and electricity) are being studied to determine the vulnerability of the economic and energy security in the time of severing epidemics or pandemics
https://www.jemat.org/article_105823_927d44f7141b1a4b88657d43ecafb32a.pdf
2020-12-01
36
48
10.22109/jemt.2020.222593.1232
Coronavirus
Petroleum
Demand Analysis
Economic impacts
COVID-19
Pandemic
Nima
Norouzi
nima1376@aut.ac.ir
1
Energy engineering, Amirkabir university, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Fani
mfani@aut.ac.ir
2
Energy, Amirkabir university of tech., tehran, iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1]. Amarawickrama, H. A. and L. C. Hunt (2007), “Electricity Demand for Sri Lanka: A Time Series Analysis”, SEEDS, October 2007.
1
[2]. Aqeel, A. and M. S. Butt (2001), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan”, Asia-Pacific Development Journal, No. 8, Vol. 101-110.
2
[3]. Bakirtas, T., Karbuz, S. and M. Bildirici (2000), An Econometric Analysis of Electricity Demand in Turkey; METU Studies in Development.
3
[4]. Bandaranaike, R. D. & M. Munasighe (1983), “The ِِDemand for Electricity Service and the Quality of Supply”, Energy Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, PP. 49-71.
4
[5]. Bentzen, J. and T. Engsted (1993), “Short- and long-run Elasticities in Energy Demand: a Cointegration Approach”, Energy Econ, January, PP. 9-16.
5
[6]. Cheng, B. (1995), “An Investigation of Cointegration and Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth”, J. Energy Dev., No. 21, PP. 73-84.
6
[7]. Engle, R. F. & C. W. J. Granger (1987), “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica, No. 55, PP. 251-276.
7
[8]. Erdal, G., et al (2008), “The Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, No. 36, PP. 3838-3842.
8
[9]. Glashur, Y. U. (2002), “Energy and National Income in Korea: Futher Evidence on the Role of Omitted Variables”, Energy Economics, No. 24, PP. 355-365.
9
[10]. Hamilton, J. D. (1989), “A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle”, Econometrica, No. 57, PP. 357-384.
10
[11]. Johansen, S. and K. Juselius (1994), “Identification of the long-run and the short-run structure. An application to the ISLM model”, J. of Economet, (Ann), No. 63, pp. 7-37.
11
[12]. Khalifa, H. & M. Ghali (2005), “Energy Use and Output Growth in Canada: A Ultivariate Cointegration Analysis”, Energy Economics, No. 26, PP. 225-238.
12
[13]. Kim, C. J. & C. R., Nelson (1998), “Business Cycles Turning Points, A New Coincident Index and Tests of Duration Dependence based on a Dynamic Factor Model with Regime Switching”, Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 80, PP. 188-201.
13
[14]. Lee, Ch. Ch. & Ch. P. Chang (2005), “Structural Breaks, Energy Demand, and Economic Growth Revisited: Evidence from Taiwan”, Journal of Energy Economics, No. 27, PP. 857-872.
14
[15]. Masih, A. (1996), “Energy Consumption and Real Income Temporal Causality, Results for a Multi-country Study based on Cointegration and Error-correction Techniques”, Energy Econ, No. 18, PP. 165-183.
15
[16]. Masih, A. M. and R. Masih (1997), “On the Temporal Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption, Real Income and Prices: Some New Evidence from Asian Energy Dependent NICS based on a Multivariate Cointegration Vector Error Correction Approach”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 19, No. 4, PP. 417-440.
16
[17]. Mehrara, M. (2007), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries”, Energy Policy, No. 35, PP. 2939-2945.
17
[18]. Narayan, P. K. and R. Smyth (2004), “Electricity Consumption, Employment and Real Income Australia Evidences from Multivariate Granger Causality Tests”, Energy policy, Vol. 33, Issue 9, June 2005: PP. 1109-1116.
18
[19]. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. & R. Smith (2001), “Bounds Testing Approach to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, No. 16, PP. 289-326.
19
[20]. Phillips, P. C. B. (1986), “Understanding Spurious Regressions in Econometrics”, J. of Economet., No. 33, PP. 311-340.
20
[21]. Stern, D. I. (2000), “A Multivariate Cointegration Analysis of the Role of Energy in the Us Macroeconomy”, Energy Economics, No. 22, PP. 267-283.
21
[22]. Stock, J. H. (1987), “Asymptotic Properties of Least Squares Estimators of Cointegrating Vectors”, Econometrica, No. 55, PP. 1035-1056.
22
[23]. Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2005), “Energy Demand and Economic Growth: The African Experience”, Journal of Policy Modeling, No. 27, PP. 891-903.
23
[24]. Yang, H. Y. (2000), “A Note on the Causal Relationship between Energy and GDP in Taiwan”, Energy Economics, No. 22, PP.
24
[25]. Bloom D. E., Cadarette D. and Sevilla J.P., 'The Economic Risks and Impacts of Epidemics', International Monetary Fund, F&D Magazine, June 2018.
25
[26]. Fan V. Y., Jamison D. T. & Summers L. H., Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018.
26
[27]. Kostova D., Cassell C.H., Redd J.T., Williams D.E., Singh T., Martel L.D., Bunnell R.E., 'Long‐distance effects of epidemics: Assessing the link between the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak and U.S. exports and employment', Health Economics, August 2019.
27
[28]. World Bank Group, 'From panic and neglect to investing in health security: financing pandemic preparedness at a national level', World Bank Group, 2017.
28
[29]. World Bank Group 'Pandemic Preparedness Financing – Status update', World Bank, September 2019.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Agriculture fertilizer-based media for cultivation of marine microalgae destined for biodiesel production
In recent years, biodiesel from microalgae has received large interest around the world, as sustainable energy for biofuel production. Mineral fertilizers can be a promising source for the development of low cost culture media. We investigate the influence of fertilizer-based media: MAP, TSP, Phosphoric acid and Ammonitrate on cell viability, nutrients uptake, biomass, lipids production and lipids profile of 3 microalgae strains. The best biomass production was 2.105 g L-1, 1.95g.L-1 and 1.75g.L-1 for D. tertiolecta, Isochrysis sp.and Tetraselmis sp cultured in TSP, MAP and H3PO4(54%)based-media respectively, compared to control medium (1.85, 1.76 and 1.71 g L-1 respectively). Lipid content of all strains in fertilizer-based media was similar to control. The lipid profile showed that FAMEs of all microalgae underwent a significant reduction in PUFAs for fertilizers based-media, which improves the quality of biodiesel. Mineral fertilizers are a promising source that can be a low-cost microalgae production base at the industrial level.
https://www.jemat.org/article_105279_a51d86741f2db871aaa6287861193979.pdf
2020-12-01
49
56
10.22109/jemt.2020.196949.1190
Microalgae
Fertilizers
culture
medium
Biodiesel
Nohman
Jbari
1
Green Biotechnology laboratoryMAScIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
AUTHOR
Adil
Elbaouchi
2
ICARDA (International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Area) Rabat Morocco
AUTHOR
Redouane
Benhima
3
Green Biotechnology laboratoryMAScIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
AUTHOR
Iman
Bennis
4
Green Biotechnology laboratoryMAScIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
AUTHOR
Rachid
Boulif
5
CBS Programm. UM6P University Benguerir Morocco
AUTHOR
Youssef
Zeroual
6
AgBS programm UM6P university jorf lasfar Morocco
AUTHOR
Hicham
EL Arroussi
h.elarroussi@mascir.com
7
Green Biotechnology laboratoryMAScIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1]P.Spolaore, C.Joannis-Cassan, E.Duran, A. Isambert, Commercial applications of microalgae. J biosci bioeng. 101(2) (2006) 87-96.
1
[2] F. G. Acién, J. M. Fernández, J. J. Magán, E. Molina,Production cost of a real microalgae production plant and strategies to reduce it. Biotech adv. 30(6)(2012) 1344-1353.
2
[3] F. G. Acién, E. Molina, J. M. Fernández-Sevilla, M. Barbosa, L. Gouveia, C. Sepúlveda, J. Baseaes, Z.Arbib, Economics of microalgae production. Microalgae-based biofuels and bioproducts. (2018) 485-503.
3
[4] S. R. Chia, K. W. Chew, P. L. Show, Y. J. Yap, H. C. Ong, T. C. Ling,J. S. Chang, Analysis of economic and environmental aspects of microalgae biorefinery for biofuels production: a review. Biotech J .(2018) 1700618.
4
[5] E. Valenzuela-Espinoza, R. Millán-Núñez, F. Núñez-Cebrero, Protein, carbohydrate, lipid and chlorophyll a content in Isochrysis aff. galbana (clone T-Iso) cultured with a low cost alternative to the f/2 medium. Aqua Eng. 25(4)(2002) 207-216.
5
[6]Bae, Jean-Hee, Sung-Bum Hur,Development of Economical Fertilizer-Based Media for Mass Culturing of Nannochloropsis Oceanica, FisheAqua Sci. 14(4) (2011) 317-22.
6
[7] A.L. Ahmad, N.H. Yasin, C.J.C. Mat, Derek, J.K. Lim, Microalgae as a sustainable energy source for biodiesel production: A review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 15(2011) 584–593.
7
[8] Y. Chisti, Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotech adv. 25(3)(2007) 294-306.
8
[9] Q. Hu, M. Sommerfeld, E. Jarvis, M. Ghirardi, M. Posewitz, M. Seibert, A. Darzins, Microalgaltriacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. Plant J. 54(2008) 621–639.
9
[10] R. Barakoni, S. Awal, A. Christie, Growth performance of the marine microalgae Pavlova salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta using different commercially available fertilizers in natural seawater and inland saline ground water. Magnesium (Mg), 21(8), 0. J. Algal Biomass Utln. 6 (1)2015 15–25.
10
[11] J. Fabregas, L. Toribio, J. Abalde, B. Cabezas, C. Herrero, Approach to biomass production of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butch using common garden fertilizer and soil extract as cheap nutrient supply in batch cultures.Aqua Eng. 6 (2)(1987) 141–50.
11
[12] E.Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Y. S. Maestrini, The Use of Some Agricultural Fertilizers for the Mass Production of Marine Algae. Aqua. 36(1984) 245–56.
12
[13] E.Valenzuela-Espinoza, R.Millán-Núñez, F.Núñez-Cebrero, Biomass production and nutrient uptake by Isochrysis aff. galbana (Clone T-ISO) cultured with a low cost alternative to the f/2 medium. Aqua eng. 20(3) (1999) 135-147.
13
[14] E.Canter, CP.Blowers, MR. Handler, DR. Shonnard, Implications of Widespread Algal Biofuels Production on Macronutrient Fertilizer Supplies: Nutrient Demand and Evaluation of Potential Alternate Nutrient Sources. Appl Ener 143. Elsevier Ltd (2015) 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.065.
14
[15] M. J.Griffiths,S.T.Harrison, Lipid productivity as a key characteristic for choosing algal species for biodiesel production. J Appl Phycol. 21(5) (2009) 493-507.
15
[16] H. El Arroussi, R.Benhima, N.El Mernissi, R.Bouhfid, C.Tilsaghani, I.Bennis, I.Wahby, Screening of marine microalgae strains from Moroccan coasts for biodiesel production. Rene Ener. 113 (2017) 1515-1522.
16
[17] G. Bougaran, R. Catherine, N. Dubois, R. Kaas, S. Grouas, E. Lukomska, JR. Le Coz, JP. Cadoret, Enhancement of Neutral Lipid Productivity in the Microalga Isochrysis Affinis Galbana (T-Iso) by a Mutation-Selection Procedure.Biotechnol and Bioeng 109 (11)(2012) 2737–45. doi:10.1002/bit.24560.
17
[18] T . Lopes da Silva, C. Amarelo Santos,A. Reis, Multi-parameter flow cytometry as a tool to monitor heterotrophic microalgal batch fermentations for oil production towards biodiesel. Biotechnol Bioproc Eng. 14 (2009) 330-337.
18
[19]Folch, Jordi, M. Lees, G. H. Sloane Stanley, A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues. J Biol Chem. (1957) doi:10.1007/s10858-011-9570-9.
19
[20] H. El Arroussi, R. Benhima, I. Bennis, N. El Mernissi, I. Wahby, Improvement of the Potential of Dunaliella Tertiolecta as a Source of Biodiesel by Auxin Treatment Coupled to Salt Stress.Ren Ener 77. (2015) 15-19.
20
[21] A. Maadane, N. Merghoub, T. Ainane, H. El Arroussi, R. Benhima, S. Amzazi, Y. Bakri, I. Wahby. Antioxidant Activity of Some Moroccan Marine Microalgae: Pufa Profiles, Carotenoids and Phenolic Content. JBiotechnol 215(2015) 13–19.
21
[22] P.Kumar, R.Sharma, S.Ray, S. Mehariya, S. K. Patel, J. K. Lee, V. C. Kalia, Dark fermentative bioconversion of glycerol to hydrogen by Bacillus thuringiensis. Biores technol. 182(2015) 383-388.
22
[23] P.Hyka, S. Lickova, P. Přibyl, K. Melzoch, K.Kovar, Flow cytometry for the development of biotechnological processes with microalgae. Biotechnol adv. 31(1) (2013) 2-16.
23
[24] J. P.Hernandez, L. E. de-Bashan, D. J.Rodriguez, Y.Rodriguez, Y.Bashan, Growth promotion of the freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris by the nitrogen-fixing, plant growth-promoting bacterium Bacillus pumilus from arid zone soils. euro Jsoil biol. 45(1)(2009) 88-93.
24
[25] J. Li, D. Han, D.Wang, K. Ning, J. Jia, L. Wei,... Q.Hu, Choreography of transcriptomes and lipidomes of Nannochloropsis reveals the mechanisms of oil synthesis in microalgae. The Plant Cell. (2014) tpc-113.
25
[26] M. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. Moreno, J. P. Caavate, V. Anguis, A. Prieto, C. Manzano, F. J. Florencio, M. G. Guerrero, Conditions for Open-Air Outdoor Culture of Dunaliella Salina in Southern Spain. J Appl Phycol. 15 (2-3) (2003) 177–84. doi:10.1023/A:1023892520443.
26
[27] J. A. Simental, M. P. Sánchez-Saavedra. The Effect of Agricultural Fertilizer on Growth Rate of Benthic Diatoms. Aquacul Engi. 27 (4)(2003) 265–72. doi:10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00087-0.
27
[28] M. Chen, H. Tang, H. Ma, T. C. Holland, KS. Ng, S. O. Salley, Effect of nutrients on growth and lipid accumulation in the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta. Biores technol, 102(2), (2011) 1649-1655.
28
[29] M. Takagi, T. Yoshida, Effect of salt concentration on intracellular accumulation of lipids and triacylglyceride in marine microalgae Dunaliella cells. J biosci bioeng, 101(3), (2006) 223-226.
29
[30] H. Tang, N.Abunasser, M. E. D. Garcia, Meng Chen, K. Y. Simon Ng, S. O. Salley, Potential of Microalgae Oil from Dunaliella Tertiolecta as a Feedstock for Biodiesel. Appl Energ 88 (10)(2011) 3324–30.
30
[31] A. Roopnarain, V. M. Gray, S. D.Sym, Phosphorus limitation and starvation effects on cell growth and lipid accumulation in Isochrysis galbana U4 for biodiesel production. Biores technol. 156 (2014) 408-411.
31
[32] M. Mitra, S. K. Patidar,S. Mishra, Integrated process of two stage cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. for nutraceutically valuable eicosapentaenoic acid along with biodiesel. Biores technol. 193 (2015) 363-369.
32
[33] L. F.Wu, P. C. Chen, C. M. Lee, The effects of nitrogen sources and temperature on cell growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae. Inter BiodeterBiodegrad. 85 (2013) 506-510.
33
[34] C. Banerjee, K. K. Dubey, P. Shukla, Metabolic engineering of microalgal based biofuel production: prospects and challenges. Front in microbiol. 7 (2016) 432.
34
[35] C. Yuan, K. Xu, J. Sun, G. R. Hu, F. L. Li, Ammonium, nitrate, and urea play different roles for lipid accumulation in the nervonic acid—producing microalgae Mychonastes afer HSO-3-1. J Appl Phycol. 30(2) (2018) 793-801.
35
[36] Dahl, Ulrika, C. R. Lind, E. Gorokhova, B. Eklund, M. Breitholtz, Food Quality Effects on Copepod Growth and Development: Implications for Bioassays in Ecotoxicological Testing. Ecoto Environ Safety. 72 (2) (2009) 351–57. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.008.
36
[37] Huerlimann, Roger, R. de Nys, K. Heimann, Growth, Lipid Content, Productivity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Tropical Microalgae for Scale-up Production. Biotechnol Bioeng 107 (2) (2010) 245–57. doi:10.1002/bit.22809.
37
[38] K. J. Flynn, J. L. Garrido, M. Zapata, H. Öpik, C. R. Hipkin, Changes in Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Carbon/nitrogen Biomass during Nitrogen Starvation of Ammonium- and Nitrate-grownIsochrysis Galbana. J Appl Phycol. 4 (2) (1992) 95–104.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Wind farm incorporation in reliability assessment of power systems from the viewpoint of reactive power management
The development and utilization of wind power to meet the electrical demand has recently received significant consideration. Additionally, one of the substantial roles of transmission system operators is to balance reactive power within a network in the sense that with the development of wind energy, wind turbines are expected to contribute towards reactive power generation. So far, there is not a wide range of attention being paid to reactive power in reliability evaluation including wind farms contribution. In this article, wind farms with several identical wind turbines are incorporated in reliability assessment while considering reactive power shortage. Fuzzy C-Means clustering method is used for the output power of wind turbines for analyzing power system reliability with wind farms integration. The application of this concept has been also utilized in developing multistep load levels in the illustrated load buses. Reactive power deficiency and the relevant voltage violations caused by the failure of reactive power generations are studied in this article. Load shedding and power injection techniques are employed to determine possible reactive power shortage required for alleviating network violations with and without wind power integration. Composite system reliability analysis in the existence of wind farms is implemented to assess indices affiliated with curtailed energy at various load points. The RBTS 6-bus system has been proportionally modified and studied to demonstrate the procedure. The results indicate the importance of wind power integration in improving both active and reactive reliability indices which in turn provide system planners with long-range planning for system development.
https://www.jemat.org/article_104941_f1b37ab5d586c62a5f7070fd313a344f.pdf
2020-12-01
57
67
10.22109/jemt.2020.203040.1199
Wind Farm
Fuzzy C-Means
Load Shedding
power system reliability
reactive power
Ali
Heshmati
ali.heshmati64@gmail.com
1
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Najafi
h.r.najafi@birjand.ac.ir
2
Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] T. Ackermann and R. Kuwahata, "Lessons Learned From International Wind Integration Studies," 2011.
1
[2] A. Keane, M. Milligan, C. J. Dent, B. Hasche, C. D’Annunzio, K. Dragoon, H. Holttinen, N. Samaan, L. Soder, and M. O’Malley, "Capacity value of wind power," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 564–572, 2011.
2
[3] R. Billinton and Y. Gao, "Multistate wind energy conversion system models for adequacy assessment of generating systems incorporating wind energy," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 163–170, 2008.
3
[4] A. Ghaedi, A Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and M. Moeini-Aghtaie, "Toward a Comprehensive Model of Large-Scale DFIG-Based Wind Farms in Adequacy Assessment of Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 55–63, 2014.
4
[5] F. Chen, F. Li, W. Feng, Z. Wei, H. Cui, H. Liu, "Reliability assessment method of composite power system with wind farms and its application in capacity credit evaluation of wind farms," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 166, pp. 73–82, 2019.
5
[6] A. P. Leite, C. L. T. Borges, and D. M. Falcão, "Probabilistic Wind Farms Generation Model for Reliability Studies Applied to Brazilian Sites," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1493–1501, 2006.
6
[7] I. El-Samahy, K. Bhattacharya, C. Caizares, M. F. Anjos, and J. Pan, "A procurement market model for reactive power services considering system security," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 137–149, 2008.
7
[8] A. R. Karami-Horestani, M. E. Hamedani Golshan, H.Monsef, "Expected security constrained reactive power planning," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 2306-2315, 2016.
8
[9] F. Dong, B. H. Chowdhury, M. L. Crow, and L. Acar, "Improving voltage stability by reactive power reserve management," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 338–345, 2005.
9
[10] A. Rajabi and H. Monsef, "Valuation of dynamic reactive power based on probability aspects of power system," In 2007 Proceeding of the 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, pp. 1169–1174, 2007.
10
[11] R. N. Allan, R. Billinton, A. M. Breipohl, and C. H. Grigg, "Bibliography on the application of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 51–57, 1999.
11
[12] R. Billinton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and L. Bertling, "Bibliography on the application of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation 1996–1999," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 595–602, 2001.
12
[13] P. L. Noferi and L. Paris, "Effects of voltage and reactive power constraints on power system reliability," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 482–490, 1975.
13
[14] W. Qin, P. Wang, "Reactive power aspects in reliability assessment of power systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 85–92, 2011.
14
[15] S. Engelhardt, L. Erlich, C. Feltes, J. Kretschmann, and F. Shewarega, "Reactive power capability of wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 26, pp. 364–372, 2011.
15
[16] M. Wilch, V.S. Pappala, S.N. Singh, I. Erlich, "Reactive power generation by DFIG based wind farms with ac grid connection," In 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech, pp. 626–632, 2007.
16
[17] "North Dakota Agriculture Weather Network," available online: http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu/wind-speeds.html
17
[18] J. Wen, Y. Zheng, and F. Donghan, "A review on reliability assessment for wind power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2485–2494, 2009.
18
[19] "Nordex N90/2550 wind turbine specification" available online: http://www.nordex-online.com/en/produkte-service/wind-turbines/n90-25-mw.html
19
[20] H. C. Huang, Y. Y. Chuang, and C. S. Chen, "Multiple kernel fuzzy clustering," IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 120–134, 2012.
20
[21] R. L. Cannon, V. D. Jitendra, and J. C. Bezdek, "Efficient implementation of the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 248–255, 1986.
21
[22] S. Miao, K. Xie, H. Yang, H. M. Tai, B. Hu, "A Markovian wind farm generation model and its application to adequacy assessment," Renewable Energy, vol. 113, pp. 1447–1485, 2017.
22
[23] A. Heshmati, H. R. Najafi, M. R. Aghaebrahimi, and M. Mehdizadeh, "Wind farm modeling for reliability assessment from the viewpoint of interconnected systems," Electric Power Components & Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 257–272, 2012.
23
[24] A. S. Dobakhshari, and M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, "A reliability model of large wind farms for power system adequacy studies," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 792–801, 2009.
24
[25] J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, "A Frequency and Duration Method for adequacy assessment of generation systems with wind farms," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1151–1160, 2019.
25
[26] R. Billinton and R. Allan, "Reliability evaluation of power systems," Plenum Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 1996.
26
[27] R. Billinton, W. Wangdee, "Reliability-based transmission reinforcement planning associated with large-scale wind farms," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 34–41, 2007.
27
[28] H. Abunima, J. Teh, C. M. Lai, and H. J. Jabir, "A systematic review of reliability studies on composite power systems: A coherent taxonomy motivations, open challenges, recommendations, and new research directions," Energies, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 2417–2454, 2018.
28
[29] W. Li,"Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications," IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering, 2nd Edition, 2014.
29
[30] C. W. Taylor, "Power System Voltage Stability," New York, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
30
[31] C. M. Affonso, L. C. P. Da Silva, F. G. M. Lima, and S. Soares, "MW and MVar management on supply and demand side for meeting voltage stability margin criteria," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1538–1545, 2004.
31
[32] H. Liu, Y. Sun, L. Cheng, and P. Wang, "Online short-term reliability evaluation using fast sorting technique," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 139–148, 2008.
32
[33] G. C. Ejebe, H. P. Van Meeteren, and B. F. Wollenberg, "Fast contingency screening and evaluation for voltage security analysis IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1582–1590, 1988.
33
[34] R. Billinton R, S. Kumar, N. Chowdhury, K. Chu, K. Debnath, L. Goel et al, "A reliability test system for education purposes – basic data," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1238–44, 1989.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of risks and developing their handling options for hydraulic fracturing in Iranian oil and gas reservoirs
Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) is the most applicable technique for increasing productivity in reservoirs with medium to high permeability. Iranian oil and gas reservoirs with such permeability can benefit from this technology. Nowadays, this is not a very common technique in Iran. Because of various risks and related factors in Iran, the HF operation elements (e.g., designing, execution, evaluation, management and etc.) have not had considerable success and expansion. Correspondingly, an appropriate risk assessment and management can help the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) for developing this technology in their reservoirs. The aim of this work is to assess the HF risks and to determine an effective handling plan for this operation in Iran. The proposed methodology includes literature review, face-to-face interview with the respected experts, and evaluation of the gathered data. We hope the advised handling options are properly applied as a guideline for a successful HF in Iran.
https://www.jemat.org/article_106891_1a7302cd477d8b3e9ad9bf565323c971.pdf
2020-12-01
68
75
10.22109/jemt.2020.209222.1208
Hydraulic Fracturing (HF)
Risk Assessment
Iranian oil and gas reservoirs
Mohammad ali
Hatefi
hatefi@put.ac.ir
1
Petroleum University of Technology (PUT)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Reza
Shadizadeh
shadizadeh@put.ac.ir
2
Petroleum University of Technology (PUT)
AUTHOR
Majid
Zendedel Siuki
m.zendedel_put@yahoo.com
3
-
AUTHOR
Mohammad ali
Ahmadi
ahmadi_ma@nioc.ir
4
IOR Research Institute (under the NIOC company)
AUTHOR
[1] S.M. Seyedhoseini, S. Noori, and M.A. Hatefi, "A gap analysis on the project risk management processes," Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 35(1B), pp. 217-234, 2008.
1
[2] P. Simon, D. Hillson, and K. Newland, PRAM project risk analysis and management guide, The Association for Project Management, 1997.
2
[3] H. Kerzner, Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, Wiley, 2013.
3
[4] Project Management Institute, A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), 2017.
4
[5] United States Department of Energy, The owner's role in project risk management, NY, USA, 2005.
5
[6] Y.Y. Haimes, Risk modeling, assessment, and management, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2004.
6
[7] D. Hillson, and P. Simon, Practical project risk management: the ATOM methodology, Management Concepts, 2007.
7
[8] M. Fan, N.P. Lin, and C. Sheu, "Choosing a project risk-handling strategy: An analytical model," International Journal Production Economics, vol. 112, pp. 700–713, 2008.
8
[9] Mousaei, and M.A. Hatefi, "Designing a model for know-how commercialization with risk assessment in R & D centers," International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 147-164, 2014.
9
[10] M. Milligan, "Well Stimulation Using Acids," Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 10-14, 1994.
10
[11] J. Michael, A. Economides, D. Hill, C. Ehlig-Economides, and D. Zhu, Petroleum production systems, Prentice Hall, 2012.
11
[12] S. Bowman, T.I. Urbancic, and A. Baig, "Remote triggering of large events during hydraulic fracture stimulations," SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 3395-3402, 2012.
12
[13] D. McElreath, "National energy technology laboratory," retrieved from http://www.netl.doe.gov, 2009.
13
[14] J.E. Smith, "Design of hydraulic fracture treatment," 40th Annual Fall Meetingof the Society of Petroleum Engineer, Dallas, Texas, 1965.
14
[15] C.T. Montgomery, and M.B. Smith, "Hydraulic fracturing history of an enduring technology," Journal of Petroleum Technology, vol. 62, pp. 26-32, 2010.
15
[16] L. Gandossi, "An overview of Hydraulic fracturing and other formation stimulation technologies for shale gas production," Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, vol. 2, pp. 1831-9424, 2013.
16
[17] J.J. Elphick, R.P. Marcinew, and B. Brady, "Effective fracture stimulation in high-permeability formations," SPE, vol. 12, pp. 1-11, 1993.
17
[18] A. Daneshy, "Hydraulic fracturing to improve production," SPE, vol. 7, pp. 1-2, 2010.
18
[19] Joel, and C. Rowe, "Differentiating applications of hydraulic fracturing," International Society for Rock Mechanics, vol. 12, pp. 1-2, 2013.
19
[20] F. Roshanaiheydarabadi, Investigation of the production performance of the hydraulically fractured wells in south oil field of Iran, Petroleum University of Technology, 2010.
20
[21] K. Cox, and R. Aitken-smith, Waukivory pilot project: review of environmental factors, AGL Upstream Gas Investments, 2013.
21
[22] P.D. Hagemeier, Hydraulic fracturing: technology and practices addressing hydraulic fracturing and completions, National Petroleum Council, 2011.
22
[23] D. Ewen, S. Borchardt, and R.H. Hammerbacher, Hydrofracking risk assessment, Berlin: ExxonMobil, 2012.
23
[24] American Petroleum Institute, Practices for mitigating surface impacts associated with hydraulic fracturing, American Petroleum Institute publication, Washington DC, 2011.
24
[25] ConocoPhillips Canada Resources, Technical information on the practice of hydraulic, ConocoPhillips Canada Resources publication, 2013.
25
[26] University of Western Australia, Safety, health and wellbeing, retrieved from http://www.news.uwa.edu.au, 2013.
26
[27] H. Cooley, and K. Donnelly, Hydraulic fracturing and water resources: separating the frack from the fiction, Oakland Pacific Institute, 2012.
27
[28] University of Texas at Austin, Air pollution and hydraulic fracturing: better monitoring, planning and tracking of health effects needed in Texas, retrieved from http://news.utexas.edu, 2014.
28
[29] P. Stollery, Managing the noise impact from shale gas drilling, sound & vibration measurement, 1379-15, 2014.
29
[30] P. Ptrowiki, Society of petroleum engineering, retrieved from http://petrowiki.org, 2015.
30
[31] S. Maxwell, "Unintentional seismicity Induced by hydraulic fracturing," CSEG Recorder, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 40-49, 2013.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimal multi-objective integration of photovoltaic, wind turbine, and battery energy storage in distribution networks
In recent years, grid integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) has been rising rapidly. Many economic, technical, and environmental benefits can be gained with the integration of RES and BESS into the distribution network. Optimal decisions must be considered the trade-offs between two or more conflicting objectives, therefore, in this paper, these benefits are associated with a multi-objective function that consists of energy price arbitrage, transmission access fee, energy losses, power quality (voltage regulation), and environmental emissions. In this paper, it is assumed that the distribution system operator (DSO) has got the ownership of RES and BES. The placement, sizing, and operation of RES and BESS are optimized by the combination of a genetic multi-objective solver (GMOS) with linear programming. The simulation results using IEEE 33-bus distribution test system show that by using the proposed method, the net benefit is appropriate, energy losses are reduced, voltage magnitude is pushed within the limit, and environmental emissions are decreased.
https://www.jemat.org/article_106892_98d6f8772068475888ed35a0012a3e0e.pdf
2020-12-01
76
83
10.22109/jemt.2020.217725.1227
Battery energy storage
multi-objective
Optimal integration
Photovoltaic
Wind Turbine
Mohammad Rasol
Jannesar
mohammadrasol@gmail.com
1
Department of Electrical engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Sedighi
sedighi@yazd.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Savaghebi
mesa@mci.sdu.dk
3
the Electrical Engineering Section, The Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
AUTHOR
Amjad
Anvari-Moghadam
amjad.anvari@gmail.com
4
Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
AUTHOR
Josep M.
Guerrero
joz@et.aau.dk
5
Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
AUTHOR
N. T. Kalantari, M. A. Hassas, and K. Pourhossein, "Bibliographic review and comparison of optimal sizing methods for hybrid renewable energy systems," Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 66-79, 2018.
1
C. Brivio, S. Mandelli, and M. Merlo, "Battery energy storage system for primary control reserve and energy arbitrage," Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks,vol. 6, pp. 152-165, 2016.
2
M. Hosseina and S. M. T. Bathaee, "Optimal scheduling for distribution network with redox flow battery storage," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 121, pp. 145-151, 2016.
3
B. Li, X. Li, X. Bai, and Z. Li, "Storage capacity allocation strategy for distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators," Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1234-1243, 2018.
4
T. Khatib, I. A. Ibrahim, and A. Mohamed, "Review on sizing methodologies of photovoltaic array and storage battery in a standalone photovoltaic system," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 120, pp. 430-448, 2016.
5
C. Sabillon, J. F. Franco, M. J. Rider, and R. Romero, "Joint optimal operation of photovoltaic units and electric vehicles in residential networks with storage systems: a dynamic scheduling method," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 103, pp. 136-145, 2018.
6
K. Kusakana, "Optimal scheduling for distributed hybrid system with pumped hydro storage," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 111, pp. 253-260, 2016.
7
S. R. Ghatak, S. Sannigrahi, and P. Acharjee, "Optimised planning of distribution network with photovoltaic system, battery storage, and DSTATCOM," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 1823-1832, 2018.
8
V. Kalkhambkar, R. Kumar, and R. Bhakar, "Joint optimal allocation methodology for renewable distributed generation and energy storage for economic benefits," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1422-1429, 2016.
9
J. Qiu, Z. Xu, Y. Zheng, D. Wang, and Z. Y. Dong, "Distributed generation and energy storage system planning for a distribution system operator," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1345-1353, 2018.
10
M. Sedighizadeh, A. H. Mohammadpour, and S. M. M. Alavi, "A two-stage optimal energy management by using ADP and HBB-BC algorithms for microgrids with renewable energy sources and storages," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 21, pp. 460-480, 2019.
11
O. Talent and H. Du, "Optimal sizing and energy scheduling of photovoltaic-battery systems under different tariff structure," Renewable Energy, vol. 129, pp. 513-526, 2018.
12
K. Anoune, A. Laknizi, M. Bouya, A. Astito, and A. B. Abdellah, "Sizing a PV-Wind based hybrid system using deterministic approach," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 169, pp. 137-148, 2018.
13
H. Bakhtiari and R. A. Naghizadeh, "Multi-criteria optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems including wind, photovoltaic, battery, and hydrogen storage with ɛ-constraint method," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 883-892, 2018.
14
H. Saboori and R. Hemmati, "Maximizing DISCO profit in active distribution networks by optimal planning of energy storage systems and distributed generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 71, pp. 365-372, 2017.
15
J. Salehi, S. Esmaeilpour, F. S. Gazijahani, and A. Safari, "Risk based battery energy storage and wind turbine allocation in distribution networks using fuzzy modeling," Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 53-65, 2018.
16
S. Mahdavi, R. Hemmati, and M. A. Jirdehi, "Two-level planning for coordination of energy storage systems and wind-solar-diesel units in active distribution networks," Energy, vol. 151, pp. 954-965, 2018.
17
M. Ban, J. Yu, M. Shahidehpour, and D. Guo, "Optimal sizing of PV and battery-based energy storage in an offgrid nanogrid supplying batteries to a battery swapping station," Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 309-320, 2019.
18
M. R. Jannesar, A. Sedighi, M. Savaghebi, and J. M. Guerrero, "Optimal placement, sizing, and daily charge/discharge of battery energy storage in low voltage distribution network with high photovoltaic penetration," Applied Energy, vol. 226, pp. 957-966, 2018.
19
M. Vatanpour and A. S. Yazdankhah, "Application of Benders decomposition in stochastic scheduling of thermal units with coordination of wind farm and energy storage system considering security constraint," Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 9-17, 2018.
20
J. Salehi, S. Esmaeilpour, A. Safari, and F. Samadi, "Investment deferral of sub-transmission substation using optimal planning of wind generators and storage systems," Journal of Energy Management and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18-29, 2017.
21
O. Erdinç, A. Taşcıkaraoǧlu, N. G. Paterakis, İ. Dursun, M. C. Sinim, and J. P. S. Catalão, "Comprehensive optimization model for sizing and siting of DG units, EV charging stations, and energy storage systems," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 3871-3882, 2018.
22
K. K. Mehmood, S. U. Khan, S. Lee, Z. M. Haider, M. K. Rafique, and C. Kim, "Optimal sizing and allocation of battery energy storage systems with wind and solar power DGs in a distribution network for voltage regulation considering the lifespan of batteries," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1305-1315, 2017.
23
A. Abbassi, R. Abbassi, M. A. Dami, and M. Jemli, "Multi-objective genetic algorithm based sizing optimization of a stand-alone wind/PV power supply system with enhanced battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage," Energy, vol. 163, pp. 351-363, 2018.
24
M. Ahmadi, M. E. Lotfy, M. S. S. Danish, S. Ryuto, A. Yona, and T. Senjyu, "Optimal multi-configuration and allocation of SVR, capacitor, centralised wind farm, and energy storage system: a multi-objective approach in a real distribution network," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 762-773, 2019.
25
J. Duchaud, G. Notton, C. Darras, and C. Voyant, "Multi-objective Particle Swarm optimal sizing of a renewable hybrid power plant with storage," Renewable Energy, vol. 131, pp. 1156-1167, 2019.
26
Y. Zhang, A. Lundblad, P. E. Campana, F. Benavente, and J. Yan, "Battery sizing and rule-based operation of grid-connected photovoltaic-battery system: a case study in Sweden," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 133, pp. 249-263, 2017.
27
M. Javidsharifi, T. Niknam, J. Aghaei, and G. Mokryani, "Multi-objective short-term scheduling of a renewable-based microgrid in the presence of tidal resources and storage devices," Applied Energy, vol. 216, pp. 367-381, 2018.
28
Y. Sawle, S. C. Gupta, and A. K. Bohre, "Socio-techno-economic design of hybrid renewable energy system using optimization techniques," Renewable Energy, vol. 119, pp. 459-472, 2018.
29
A. Belderbos, A. Virag, W. D’haeseleer, and E. Delarue, "Considerations on the need for electricity storage requirements: power versus energy," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 143, pp. 137-149, 2017.
30
R. C. Leou, "An economic analysis model for the energy storage system applied to a distribution substation," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 132-137, 2012.
31
A. Talaei, K. Begg, and T. Jamasb, "The large scale roll-out of electric vehicles: the effect on the electricity sector and CO2 emissions," EPRG Working Paper 1222, 2012.
32
H. Chen, T. N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, and Y. Ding, "Progress in electrical energy storage system: a critical review," Progress in Natural Science, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 291-312, 2009.
33
G. Carpinelli, G. Celli, S. Mocci, F. Mottola, F. Pilo, and D. Proto, "Optimal integration of distributed energy storage devices in smart grids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 985-995, 2013.
34
S. X. Chen, H. B. Gooi, and M. Q. Wang, "Sizing of energy storage for microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 142-151, 2012.
35
A. D. Rana, J. B. Darji, and M. Pandya, "Backward/Forward sweep load flow algorithm for radial distribution system," International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, vol. 2, pp. 398-400, 2014.
36
O. M. Toledo, D. O. Filho, and A. S. A. C. Diniz, "Distributed photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems: a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 506-511, 2010.
37
F. D. González, A. Sumper, O. G. Bellmunt, and R. V. Robles, "A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2154-2171, 2012.
38
"Electricity cost from renewable energy technologies in Egypt," Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System ISE, 2016.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stochastic reliability evaluation of the stand-alone photovoltaic systems
Move to the installation of the stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems for the remote and critical areas has been increased due to the technical advantages of them alongside the low investment cost. However, accurate reliability calculation of the stand-alone PV system is essential to verify its suitability for being a sustainable energy system. This paper proposes a new method for calculation of the stand-alone PV system's reliability without any assumption. In order to consider the uncertainty of the global solar irradiation on the output power of the system, stochastic modeling was hypothesized in this paper. Fast forward scenario reduction approach is used to reduce the number of the scenario so as to increase the execution time. Moreover, an effect of the ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity on the failure rate of the components, and the aging issue of the PV modules are taken into account to evaluate the reliability metrics precisely. The proposed reliability calculation has been implemented in the case study to assess its reliability metrics. The calculated results manifested that the optimal stand-alone PV system can be utilized as a reliable system; however, the ambient conditions would reduce its availability.
https://www.jemat.org/article_107796_5affef6d93b1c2b76dcfc3173d8c0d4b.pdf
2020-12-01
84
93
10.22109/jemt.2020.212911.1218
Reliability
PV systems
Uncertainty
Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS)
Sina
Ghaemi
ghaemisina71@gmail.com
1
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyyed Mahdi
Mosavi Badjani
dr.mosavi@mut-es.ac.ir
2
Electrical engineering faculty, Malek Ashtar University
AUTHOR
Javad
Salehi
j.salehi@azaruniv.ac.ir
3
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
AUTHOR
1. International Renewable Energy Agency, “Future of solar
1
photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid
2
integration and socio-economic aspects (a global energy
3
transformation: paper),” November 2019. https://www.irena.
4
org/publications/2019/Nov/Future-of-Solar-Photovoltaic.
5
2. L. M. Halabi and S. Mekhilef, “Flexible hybrid renewable
6
energy system design for a typical remote village located
7
in tropical climate,” Journal of cleaner production, vol. 177,
8
pp. 908–924, 2018.
9
3. U. Jahn and W. Nasse, “Operational performance of gridconnected pv systems on buildings in germany,” Progress in
10
Photovoltaics: Research and applications, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 441–
11
448, 2004.
12
4. M. Perdue and R. Gottschalg, “Energy yields of small grid
13
connected photovoltaic system: effects of component reliability and maintenance,” IET Renewable Power Generation,
14
vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 432–437, 2015.
15
5. G. Zini, C. Mangeant, and J. Merten, “Reliability of largescale grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2334–2340, 2011.
16
6. F. Chiacchio, F. Famoso, D. D’Urso, S. Brusca, J. Aizpurua, and L. Cedola, “Dynamic performance evaluation of
17
photovoltaic power plant by stochastic hybrid fault tree
18
automaton model,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 306, 2018.
19
7. C. Olalla, D. Maksimovic, C. Deline, and L. MartinezSalamero, “Impact of distributed power electronics on the
20
lifetime and reliability of pv systems,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 821–835,
21
8. I. Lillo-Bravo, P. González-Martínez, M. Larrañeta, and
22
J. Guasumba-Codena, “Impact of energy losses due to failures on photovoltaic plant energy balance,” Energies, vol. 11,
23
no. 2, p. 363, 2018.
24
9. A. Ahadi, N. Ghadimi, and D. Mirabbasi, “Reliability assessment for components of large scale photovoltaic systems,”
25
Journal of Power Sources, vol. 264, pp. 211–219, 2014.
26
10. A. Colli, “Failure mode and effect analysis for photovoltaic
27
systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 50,
28
pp. 804–809, 2015.
29
11. E. Koutroulis and F. Blaabjerg, “Design optimization of
30
transformerless grid-connected pv inverters including reliability,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 1,
31
pp. 325–335, 2012.
32
12. A. Sangwongwanich, G. Angenendt, S. Zurmuhlen, Y. Yang,
33
D. Sera, D. U. Sauer, and F. Blaabjerg, “Enhancing pv inverter reliability with battery system control strategy,” CPSS
34
Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 3, no. 2,
35
pp. 93–101, 2018.
36
13. B. Cai, Y. Liu, Y. Ma, L. Huang, and Z. Liu, “A framework for
37
the reliability evaluation of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in the presence of intermittent faults,” Energy, vol. 93,
38
pp. 1308–1320, 2015.
39
14. N. Shahidirad, M. Niroomand, and R.-A. Hooshmand, “Investigation of pv power plant structures based on monte
40
carlo reliability and economic analysis,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 825–833, 2018.
41
15. S. V. Dhople and A. D. Domínguez-García, “Estimation of
42
photovoltaic system reliability and performance metrics,”
43
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 554–
44
563, 2011.
45
16. E. Jamshidpour, P. Poure, and S. Saadate, “Photovoltaic
46
systems reliability improvement by real-time fpga-based
47
switch failure diagnosis and fault-tolerant dc–dc converter,”
48
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11,
49
pp. 7247–7255, 2015.
50
17. P. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Xiao, and W. Li, “Reliability evaluation of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems,” IEEE
51
transactions on sustainable energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 379–389,
52
18. A. Ristow, M. Begovic, A. Pregelj, and A. Rohatgi, “Development of a methodology for improving photovoltaic inverter
53
reliability,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55,
54
no. 7, pp. 2581–2592, 2008.
55
19. H. Li, J. Ding, J. Huang, Y. Dong, and X. Li, “Reliability
56
evaluation of pv power systems with consideration of timevarying factors,” The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2017, no. 13,
57
pp. 1783–1787, 2017.
58
20. A. Sangwongwanich, Y. Yang, D. Sera, F. Blaabjerg, and
59
D. Zhou, “On the impacts of pv array sizing on the inverter
60
reliability and lifetime,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 3656–3667, 2018.
61
21. P. S. Shenoy, K. A. Kim, B. B. Johnson, and P. T. Krein, “Differential power processing for increased energy production
62
and reliability of photovoltaic systems,” IEEE Transactions
63
on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2968–2979, 2012.
64
22. A. Sayed, M. El-Shimy, M. El-Metwally, and M. Elshahed, “Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis
65
for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems,” Energies,
66
vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1213, 2019.
67
23. M. Theristis and I. A. Papazoglou, “Markovian reliability
68
analysis of standalone photovoltaic systems incorporating
69
repairs,” IEEE journal of photovoltaics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 414–
70
422, 2013.
71
24. P. Zhang, W. Li, S. Li, Y. Wang, and W. Xiao, “Reliability
72
assessment of photovoltaic power systems: Review of current status and future perspectives,” Applied energy, vol. 104,
73
pp. 822–833, 2013.
74
25. N. K. Gautam and N. Kaushika, “Reliability evaluation
75
of solar photovoltaic arrays,” Solar Energy, vol. 72, no. 2,
76
pp. 129–141, 2002.
77
26. P. Mishra and J. Joshi, “Reliability estimation for components of photovoltaic systems,” Energy conversion and management, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1371–1382, 1996.
78
27. N. Park, W. Oh, and D. Kim, “Effect of temperature and
79
humidity on the degradation rate of multicrystalline silicon
80
photovoltaic module,” International Journal of Photoenergy,
81
vol. 2013, 2013.
82
28. J. Choi, J. Park, M. Shahidehpour, and R. Billinton, “Assessment of co 2 reduction by renewable energy generators,” in
83
2010 Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp. 1–5, IEEE,
84
29. P. Manganiello, M. Balato, and M. Vitelli, “A survey on
85
mismatching and aging of pv modules: The closed loop,”
86
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 11,
87
pp. 7276–7286, 2015.
88
30. K. K. Mehmood, S. U. Khan, S.-J. Lee, Z. M. Haider, M. K.
89
Rafique, and C.-H. Kim, “Optimal sizing and allocation of
90
battery energy storage systems with wind and solar power
91
dgs in a distribution network for voltage regulation considering the lifespan of batteries,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1305–1315, 2017.
92
31. S. Ghaemi and J. Salehi, “Assessment of flexibility index
93
integration into the expansion planning of clean power resources and energy storage systems in modern distribution network using benders decomposition,” IET Renewable
94
Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 231–242, 2020.
95
32. S. Ghaemi, J. Salehi, and F. H. Aghdam, “Risk aversion energy management in the networked microgrids with presence of renewable generation using decentralised optimisation approach,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 13,
96
no. 7, pp. 1050–1061, 2019.
97
33. “Pvsyst: Photovoltaic software.” https://www.pvsyst.com/.
98