ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Smart City: A review on concepts, definitions, standards, experiments, and challenges
Nowadays, the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission, air pollution, and global warming have been increased exponentially due to population growth, especially in urban areas. To handle urbanization with minimal environmental pollution, the smart city concept has been introduced and extended significantly. Worldwide concerns on social welfare and lifestyle quality are the other important reasons that motivate cities to become smarter and more intelligent. The smart cities try to promote economic growth and improve the quality of life by providing regional development and technology utilization, especially smart-based technologies by using information and communication technology, and services. In this paper, it is attempted to present the definition, concepts, and standards to make the necessary arrangements and involved challenges in smart cities focusing on the power system requirements. Finally, by reviewing some proposed frameworks regarding the smartization road map, a sample road-map is described, especially in pioneer smart cities around the world.
https://www.jemat.org/article_103638_b0a239a132b0af1013acb0da108d2338.pdf
2020-09-01
1
6
10.22109/jemt.2020.206444.1205
Smart city
information and communication technology
Security
Energy
Standards
Hamdi
Abdi
hamdiabdi@gmail.com
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Shahbazitabar
m_shahbazitabar@yahoo.com
2
Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Razi University
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stochastic optimization of operation of power to gas included energy hub considering carbon trading, demand response and district heating market
The presence of new devices with their new technology makes the optimal scheduling of energy hub’s operation more complicated and challenging, however brings more flexibility. Power to gas as one of recent type of energy storages, can enable the energy hub in carbon trading market based on its carbon recycling feature. Participation in carbon emission trading market can be considered as suitable option for reducing the operation cost. In this paper, an energy hub included power to gas technology has been investigated. In addition to power to gas, the combined heat and power unit beside the gas powered boiler make the different energy conversion to each other possible. District heating network among market context has been considered as well as electricity. The demand response program as one of smart grid’s strategies has been employed beside the other control variables of energy hub. Finally, the uncertainties of problem such as demands, renewable sources production, prices are handled by using stochastic optimization method. A mixed integer linear programming formulation has been proposed for optimization of defined energy hub’s operation. The output results demonstrate that added flexibility by participation in carbon emission trading market and demand response program are capable for 2% reduction of operation cost.
https://www.jemat.org/article_103698_77a208b86e1d7e70f14179fc3d0fbc28.pdf
2020-09-01
7
14
10.22109/jemt.2020.190206.1183
Energy hub
Power to gas
Carbon emission market
demand response
Energy market
Reza
Ghaffarpour
rghaffarpour@ihu.ac.ir
1
Imam hossein university
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. M. Geidl, G. Koeppel, P. Favre-Perrod, B. Klockl, G. Andersson, and
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systems via power-to-gas and network storage,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 100, pp. 33 – 43, 2019.
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112
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Emission based economic dispatch in the context of energy hub concept considering tidal power plants
Energy hubs connect multi energy carriers at the input port to various loads at the output port. The present study investigates the optimal operation of the energy hub as a centralized unit. In this paper, the main objective function is exhibited by the minimization of the total operation cost subject to a set of constraints. The cost function comprises two parts, namely the different energy carriers cost and the production cost of the environmental pollutants caused by each carrier. The constraints involved in operation problem of the energy hub include power balance, limitations of energy storages and converters. Well-known Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used to tackle the proposed optimization model. Tidal power plant as a new renewable energy resource is also considered in the input port of the energy hub. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the model, the proposed model is examined on a test system. Considering the production cost of the environmental pollutants makes the problem to be more realistic. As a result, it is recommended to consider the emission cost in the energy hub operation problem.
https://www.jemat.org/article_101566_e03a8dc62f312ed90cf420bf2e04e9ea.pdf
2020-09-01
15
22
10.22109/jemt.2020.204349.1202
Energy hub
Emission Cost
Operation Cost
Economic Dispatch
Tidal Power Plant
Seyed Meisam
Ezzati
ezzati_sm@srbiau.ac.ir
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hosein
Mohammadnezhad Shourkaei
h-mohamadnejad@srbiau.ac.ir
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Faramarz
Faghihi
faramarz.faghihi@srbiau.ac.ir
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Soodabeh
Soleymani
s.soleymani@srbiau.ac.ir
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Babak
Mozafari
mozafari@srbiau.ac.ir
5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toward energy-efficient microgrids under summer peak electrical demand integrating solar dish Stirling heat engine and diesel unit
The environmental air pollution according to greenhouse gas emissions and significant demand for electrical energy and water due to the growing population of the world can be mentioned as main challenges all around the world. The current study proposes a new structure for energy-efficient microgrids to deal with on-peak electrical energy load in summer days. Two ancillary services are considered in the proposed structure including solar Stirling engine and diesel plant for decreasing the successive outages of interconnected energy network in extremely-hot weather status and eliminating massive blackouts. Such services are effective solutions to provide load and minimize the whole energy procurement cost as production-side management strategies. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the fuel cost of the diesel plant and the cost of generated electricity by the local power network considering technical limitations of the combined diesel-Stirling electricity supply system. The optimal employment of solar-based Stirling cycle and diesel engine in providing summer peak power load are evaluated in terms of economic-environmental aspects by applying the model on a test case microgrid, which verifies high performance of the model.
https://www.jemat.org/article_104083_53af58255e4895774b3b4b43ad55e2f1.pdf
2020-09-01
23
29
10.22109/jemt.2020.217435.1226
Solar dish Stirling heat engine
diesel generation unit
energy-saving
peak load procurement
Farkhondeh
Jabari
f.jabari@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Nazari-Heris
mnazari.heris@gmail.com
2
Smart Energy Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Behnam
Mohammadi-ivatloo
bmohammadi@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somayeh
Asadi
asadi@engr.psu.edu
4
Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Abapour
abapour@tabrizu.ac.ir
5
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Different methods of using phase change materials (PCMs) as coolant of photovoltaic modules: A review
Energy is an important parameters for sustainable development of each country. Renewable energies are one of the main ways to reach this aim. Photovoltaic (PV) power plants is one of the most popular renewable power generation methods that is available in most parts of the world. Rising the PV cell temperature is one of the proved weak points which negatively affects their electricity production. Different ways have been proposed in order to degradation of temperature effects on PV cells. One of them, is using phase change materials (PCMs) to prevent the rapid rise of the temperature of PV modules. PCMs absorb parts of temperature of cells, which is leads to decrease the PV temperature. Several methods were presented in PV/T field based on PCMs. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the major coolant ways of PV modules and provides a review of different methods of cooling PV modules by using PCMs. For each section, some suggestions for developing purposes have been presented.
https://www.jemat.org/article_104168_00f928f9e453f1f82f0a28a962009c0c.pdf
2020-09-01
30
36
10.22109/jemt.2020.174137.1161
review
Photovoltaic
PCM
PV/T
Micro-Encapsulated
Mohammad
Firoozzadeh
firooz_mechanic@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Faculty, Jundi-Shapur University, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hossein
Shiravi
ahshiravi@jsu.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Shafiee
shafiee@jsu.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Faculty, Jundi-Shapur University, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
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80
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A novel single-phase multi-level inverter topology based on bridge-type connected sources with enhanced number of levels per number of devices
This paper proposes a developed basic Multi-Level Inverter that is commercially suited for higher number of levels. The suggested topology can produce larger ratios of steps per DC sources, switches, gate-driver circuits and total devices than previous structures. The increased levels of suggested topology has led to low THD and better power quality. Accordingly, the output-side filter can be removed or its size can be reduced. The proposed topology doesn’t employ H-bridge to produce negative levels. So, the total voltage stress on switches is reduced in great extent. All the aforementioned properties make the suggested topology a compact, light and cheaper structure. Also, the suitability for supplying resistive-inductive (R-L) loads is another merit of suggested topology. Since the magnitude of DC sources influences the number of levels, three different scenarios have been considered for selecting magnitude of DC sources in basic topology. Then, the switching states, key parameters and blocking voltage on switches of suggested basic topology have been presented for each scenario. In the following, the generalized topology have been proposed that is consisted of cascaded basic units. Then, a generalized methodology has been suggested for selecting magnitude of DC sources in generalized topology to minimize redundant switching states and maximize number of voltage levels. To verify properties of suggested topology, it has been compared with similar novel structures. Also, to check correct performance of suggested topology, its basic version has been simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software. The comparison and simulation outcomes certify advantages and correct operation of proposed topology.
https://www.jemat.org/article_105705_002b6712b9e5c6e44cefaae8e52e9d7c.pdf
2020-09-01
37
47
10.22109/jemt.2020.203960.1200
Multi-Level Inverter
Number of levels/devices
Total harmonic distortion
Voltage stress
Fatemeh
Esmaeili
f.esmaeili76@gmail.com
1
Sahand University of Technology
AUTHOR
Kazem
Varesi
k.varesi@sut.ac.ir
2
Sahand University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] M. Vijeh, M. Rezanejad, E. Samadaei, and K. Bertilsson, "A General Review of Multilevel Inverters Based on Main Submodules: Structural Point of View," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 9479-9502, 2019.
1
[2] A. Nami, J. Liang, F. Dijkhuizen, and G. D. Demetriades, "Modular multilevel converters for HVDC applications: Review on converter cells and functionalities," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, pp. 18-36, 2015.
2
[3] A. A. Gandomi, S. Saeidabadi, S. H. Hosseini, E. Babaei, and Y. A. Gandomi, "Flexible transformer-based multilevel inverter topologies," IET Power Electronics, vol. 12, pp. 578-587, 2018.
3
[4] F. Esmaeili and K. Varesi, "A Modified Single-Phase Multi-Level Inverter with Increased Number of Steps," Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy & Distributed Generation (ICREDG), Tehran, Iran, 2019.
4
[5] K. K. Gupta and P. Bhatnagar, "Multilevel inverters: conventional and emerging topologies and their control," Academic Press, 2017.
5
[6] S. S. Lee, "Single-Stage Switched-Capacitor Module (S 3 CM) Topology for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, pp. 8204-8207, 2018.
6
[7] S. Shi, X. Wang, S. Zheng, Y. Zhang, and D. Lu, "A New Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter with Balance Voltages of DC Capacitors," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 2220-2228, 2018.
7
[8] A. A. Gandomi, S. Saeidabadi, and S. H. Hosseini, "A high step up flying capacitor inverter with the voltage balancing control method," Power Electronics, Drive Systems & Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), pp. 55-60, 2017.
8
[9] A. A. Gandomi, K. Varesi, and S. H. Hosseini, "Control strategy applied on double flying capacitor multi-cell inverter for increasing number of generated voltage levels," IET Power Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 887-897, 2015.
9
[10] K. Varesi, M. Karimi, and P. Kargar, "A New Cascaded 35-Level Inverter with Reduced Switch Count," Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy & Distributed Generation (ICREDG), Tehran, Iran, 2019.
10
[11] K. Varesi, M. Karimi, and P. Kargar, "A new basic step-up cascaded 35-level topology extendable to higher number of levels," Power Electronics, Drives Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), pp. 1-6, 2019.
11
[12] R. S. Alishah, D. Nazarpour, S. H. Hosseini, and M. Sabahi, "Reduction of Power Electronic Elements in Multilevel Converters Using a New Cascade Structure," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, pp. 256-269, 2015.
12
[13] S. H. Hosseini, K. Varesi, J. F. Ardashir, A. A. Gandomi, and S. Saeidabadi, "An attempt to improve output voltage quality of developed multi-level inverter topology by increasing the number of levels," International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), pp. 665-669, 2015.
13
[14] E. Babaei, C. Buccella, and C. Cecati, "New 8-Level Basic Structure for Cascaded Multilevel Inverters with Reduced Number of Switches and DC Voltage Sources," Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 28, p. 1950038, 2019.
14
[15] S. S. Lee, M. Sidorov, N. R. N. Idris, and Y. E. Heng, "A Symmetrical Cascaded Compact-Module Multilevel Inverter (CCM-MLI) With Pulsewidth Modulation," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, pp. 4631-4639, 2018.
15
[16] E. Babaei, S. Laali, and Z. Bayat, "A single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter based on a new basic unit with reduced number of power switches," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, pp. 922-929, 2015.
16
[17] E. Samadaei, S. Gholamian, A. Sheikholeslami, and J. Adabi, "An Envelope Type (E-Type) Module: Asymmetric Multilevel Inverters With Reduced Components," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 7148-7156, 2016.
17
[18] S. Sabyasachi, V. B. Borghate, and S. K. Maddugari, "A 21-Level Bipolar Single-Phase Modular Multilevel Inverter," Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, (In Press), 2019.
18
[19] R. S. Alishah, S. H. Hosseini, E. Babaei, M. Sabahi, and A. Z. Gharehkoushan, "Optimal design of new cascade multilevel converter topology based on series connection of extended sub-multilevel units," IET Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1341-1349, 2016.
19
[20] E. Babaei and S. H. Hosseini, "New cascaded multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 2761-2767, 2009.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A novel exclusive binary search algorithm to solve the nonlinear economic dispatch problem
This paper introduces a new exclusive binary search (EBS) algorithm to solve the economic dispatch problem (ED). This new algorithm converges to the best possible solution, corresponding to the precision requirements of the problem with a systematic search structure. The most essential purpose of economic dispatch is the optimal allocation of each generator's load sharing and the cost reduction of the active units in the power system. In this article, nonlinear factors and constraints are considered, including inlet steam valves’ effect, Valve-Point Effect (VPE), generation and load balances in the system, prohibited operating zones (POZs), power generation limits, ramp rates limits, and line losses. According to these constraints, the complexity of computation increases. However, the proposed algorithm will be able to find the optimal solution. This algorithm is implemented on three standardized 13, 15, and 40-unit test systems considering different operating conditions. Simulation results indicate the capability of this algorithm to solve ED problems.
https://www.jemat.org/article_104377_cb7a137a2f7c5f0f610e742019795e15.pdf
2020-09-01
48
56
10.22109/jemt.2020.207784.1207
Exclusive Binary Search
Valve-Point Effect (VPE)
Prohibited Operating Zones (POZs)
Economic Dispatch
Mohammad Reza
Gholami Dehbalaee
gholami_0062@yahoo.com
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam Hossein
Shaeisi
g.sheisi@razi.ac.ir
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Valizadeh
m.valizadeh@ilam.ac.ir
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] R. Azizpanah, T. Niknam, M. Gharibzadeh, F. Golestaneh, "Robust, fast and optimal solution of practical economic dispatch by a new enhanced gradient-based simplified swarm optimization algorithm" IET Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Vol. 7, pp.620-635, 2013.
1
[2] M. Pradhan, P. K. Roy, T. Pal, “Grey wolf optimization applied to economic load dispatch problems” Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 83, pp. 325–334, 2016.
2
[3] R. Pancholi, K. Swarup, "Particle swarm optimization for security constrained economic dispatch" International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing, Chennai,India,pp.7-12, 2004.
3
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6
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7
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8
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9
[10] N. Daryani, M. T. Hagh, S. Teimourzadeh, "Adaptive group search optimization algorithm for multi-objective optimal power flow problem" Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 38, pp. 1012–1024, 2016.
10
[11] A. R. Bhowmik, A. K. Chakraborty, "Solution of optimal power flow using non dominated sorting multi objective opposition based gravitational search algorithm" Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol.64, pp. 1237–1250, 2015.
11
[12] J. X. V. Neto, G. R. Meza, T. H. Ruppel, L. S. Coelho, "Solving non-smooth economic dispatch by a new combination of continuous GRASP algorithm and differential evolution" Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 84, pp. 13–24, 2017.
12
[13] M. J. Hirsch, P. M. Pardalos, M. G. C. Resende, “Speeding up continuous GRASP” European Journal of Operational Research ,Vol. 205, pp. 507–521, 2010.
13
[14] H. D. Abatari, M. S. Seyf Abad, H. Seifi, “Application of Bat Optimization Algorithm in Optimal Power Flow” 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, pp. 793-798, Iran 2016.
14
[15] H. R. E. H. Bouchekara, “Optimal power flow using black-hole-based optimization approach” Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 24, pp. 879–888, 2014.
15
[16] A. H. Fathima, K. Palanisamy, “Optimization in micro grids with hybrid energy systems – A review” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.45; pp. 431–446, 2015.
16
[17] G. Yuan, W. Yang, “Study on optimization of economic dispatching of electric power system based on Hybrid Intelligent Algorithms (PSO and AFSA)” Energy, Vol.183 , pp. 926-935, 2019.
17
[18] J. Lin, Z. J. Wang, “Multi-area economic dispatch using an improved stochastic fractal search algorithm” Energy, 2018.
18
[19] W. T. Elsayed, Y. G. Hegazy, F. M. Bendary, “A review on accuracy issues related to solving the non-convex economic dispatch problem” Electrical Power Systems Research, Vol. 141, pp.325-332, 2016.
19
[20] M. S. Bajwa, A. P. Agarwal, S. Manchanda, “Ternary Search Algorithm: Improvement of Binary Search,” 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), pp.1723-1725, 2015.
20
[21] A. A. Ibrahim, A. Mohamed, H. Shareef, “Optimal power quality monitor placement in power systems using an adaptive quantum-inspired binary gravitational search algorithm” Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 57, pp. 404–413, 2014.
21
[22] N. Sinha, R. Chakrabarti, P. K. Chattopadhyay, “Evolutionary programming techniques for economic load dispatch” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.7, pp.83–94, 2003.
22
[23] T. A. A. Victoire, A. E. Jeyakumar, “Hybrid PSO-SQP for economic dispatch with valve-point effect” Electric Power System Research, Vol. 71, pp. 51–59, 2004.
23
[24] L. D. S. Coelho, V. C. Mariani, “An improved harmony search algorithm for power economic load dispatch” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50, pp.2522–2526, 2009.
24
[25] J. Alsumait, J. Sykulski, A. Al-Othman, "A hybrid GA-PS-SQP method to solve power system valve-point economic dispatch problems" Applied Energy, Vol. 87, pp. 1773–1781, 2010.
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26
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27
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28
[29] J.J.Q. Yu, V.O.K. Li, “A social spider algorithm for solving the non-convex economic load dispatch problem” Neurocomputing, Vol. 171, pp. 955–965, 2016.
29
[30] T. Niknam, H. D. Mojarrad, H. Z. Meymand, “Non-smooth economic dispatch computation by fuzzy and self-adaptive particle swarm optimization” Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 11(2), pp. 2805–17, 2011.
30
[31] N. Noman, H. Iba, "Differential evolution for economic load dispatch problems" Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 78(8), pp. 1322–31, 2008.
31
[32] K. T. Chaturvedi, M. Pandit, L. Srivastava, "Self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimization for nonconvex economic dispatch" IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 23(3), pp. 1079–87, 2008.
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[33] A. Selvakumar, K. Thanushkodi, "Optimization using civilized swarm: solution to economic dispatch with multiple minima" Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 79(1), pp.8–16, 2009.
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[34] B. K. Panigrahi, V. R. Pandi, S. Das, "Adaptive particle swarm optimization approach for static and dynamic economic load dispatch" Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 49(6), pp. 1407–15, 2008.
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[35] P. Zakian, A. Kaveh, “Economic dispatch of power systems using an adaptive charged system search algorithm” Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 73, pp. 607-622, December 2018.
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[36] G. Binetti, A. Davoudi, D. Naso, B. Turchiano, F.L. Lewis, "A distributed auction-based algorithm for the nonconvex economic dispatch problem" IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 10, pp. 1124–1132, 2014.
36